如何在YII視圖中使用小部件？

在Yii 中，使用小部件（widgets）通過封裝複雜視圖邏輯實現組件復用。 1. 使用widget() 方法調用內置小部件，例如LinkPager 用於分頁，ActiveForm 用於創建模型綁定表單；2. 常見小部件包括GridView 顯示表格數據、DetailView 展示模型詳情、Menu 構建導航菜單；3. 可通過繼承yii\base\Widget 創建自定義小部件，實現run() 方法並定義屬性以增強復用性，如HelloWidget 示例所示。掌握這些核心方法可提升視圖開發效率。

In Yii, widgets are reusable components that help you encapsulate complex view logic into self-contained units. Using them in views is straightforward once you understand the basic structure and how to call them.

Basic Widget Usage

Widgets in Yii are typically called using the widget() method inside a view file. The general syntax looks like this:

 <?= \yii\widgets\WidgetName::widget([
    &#39;option1&#39; => &#39;value1&#39;,
    &#39;option2&#39; => &#39;value2&#39;,
]) ?>

Each widget has its own set of configuration options. For example, if you're using the built-in LinkPager widget for pagination, it might look like:

 <?= \yii\widgets\LinkPager::widget([
    &#39;pagination&#39; => $pagination,
]) ?>

Make sure to pass the correct parameters — in this case, a Pagination object prepared in your controller.

Commonly Used Widgets and What They Do

Yii comes with several useful widgets out of the box. Here are a few commonly used ones and their purposes:

• ActiveForm : Helps build forms tied to models.
• GridView : Displays tabular data with sorting, filtering, and pagination.
• DetailView : Shows details of a single model record.
• Menu : Renders multi-level navigation menus.
• LinkPager / Pagination : Handles page navigation for paginated content.

For example, using ActiveForm to create a login form:

 <?php $form = \yii\widgets\ActiveForm::begin(); ?>

<?= $form->field($model, &#39;username&#39;) ?>
<?= $form->field($model, &#39;password&#39;)->passwordInput() ?>

<button type="submit">Login</button>

<?php \yii\widgets\ActiveForm::end(); ?>

This automatically handles form submission, model binding, and error display based on validation rules.

Creating Your Own Widget (Optional but Useful)

If you find yourself repeating certain UI elements or logic across multiple views, consider creating a custom widget.

Here's a quick outline of what to do:

• Create a new class extending yii\base\Widget .
• Override the run() method to return the HTML/output.
• Optionally, add configurable properties via public variables or constructor/configurable options.

Example:

 namespace app\widgets;

use yii\base\Widget;

class HelloWidget extends Widget
{
    public $message = 'Hello there';

    public function run()
    {
        return "<div class=\"hello\">{$this->message}</div>";
    }
}

Then in your view:

 <?= \app\widgets\HelloWidget::widget([&#39;message&#39; => &#39;Welcome back!&#39;]) ?>

It's a clean way to reuse components without duplicating code.

That's the core of working with widgets in Yii views. You don't always need to build your own — using built-in widgets effectively can save a lot of time. But knowing how to create one gives you more flexibility when needed.

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