拉維爾授權中的大門和政策之間的差異。

在Laravel 中，gates 用於模型無關的全局權限檢查，而policies 用於模型相關的結構化授權邏輯。 1. Gates 是閉包式檢查，適用於如“用戶能否訪問儀錶盤”的判斷；2. Policies 則與模型綁定，將授權邏輯集中管理，如定義用戶能否更新某篇文章；3. Gates 簡單輕量適合一次性檢查，Policies 更易測試和擴展；4. Laravel 會根據模型自動匹配policy 方法，無需手動關聯。兩者可在同一應用中結合使用。

In Laravel, gates and policies are both tools for handling authorization logic, but they serve different purposes and are used in different contexts. Gates are simple, closure-based checks that work well for one-off authorization rules or actions not tied to a specific model. Policies, on the other hand, are more structured and organized — they're like controllers for authorization, grouping logic around a particular model or resource.

When to Use Gates

Gates are best when you need to check permissions that don't necessarily involve a specific model. For example, checking if a user can access an admin dashboard doesn't require looking at any particular data model — it's more about the user's general role or permissions.

• You define them using closures in the AuthServiceProvider .
• They're great for global checks, like "can this user view reports" or "is the user allowed to log in via API".
• Example:

   Gate::define('view-reports', function ($user) {
      return $user->isAdmin();
  });

You can then check this gate anywhere using:

 if (Gate::allows('view-reports')) { ... }

When to Use Policies

Policies are meant for model-based authorization. If your app has a Post model and you want to define who can update or delete a post, a policy is the right tool.

• Each policy is tied to a specific model.
• They offer methods like update , delete , view , etc., which automatically receive the model instance.
• Example policy method:

   public function update(User $user, Post $post)
  {
      return $user->id === $post->user_id;
  }

To use it:

 if ($user->can('update', $post)) { ... }

This keeps your code clean and organized — all post-related authorization lives in the PostPolicy class.

Key Differences to Keep in Mind

Here are some practical differences between the two:

• Model dependency : Policies always involve a model; gates usually don't.
• Organization : Policies help keep things tidy when dealing with multiple related actions. Gates are quick and easy for small checks.
• Testing & reuse : Policies are easier to test and scale as your app grows.
• Naming conventions : Gates are named like abilities ( 'edit-settings' ), while policy methods match action names ( 'update' , 'delete' ).

One thing people often miss is that Laravel automatically resolves policy methods based on the model type. So if you call $user->can('update', $post) , Laravel knows to look for the update method in the policy associated with the Post model — no need to manually wire that up beyond registering the policy.

How to Decide Between Them

If you're trying to decide which to use, here's a quick rule of thumb:

• ? Use a gate when:

  • The check isn't tied to a model.
  • It's a simple yes/no permission.
  • You just need to do a quick check without creating extra files.

• ? Use a policy when:

  • You're working with a model and common CRUD-style actions.
  • You want cleaner, more maintainable code.
  • Your authorization logic might grow over time.

You can even mix both in the same app — gates for quick checks and policies for model-based decisions.

So yeah, gates and policies aren't interchangeable — they each have their place. Just remember: gates are for general abilities, and policies are for model-specific rules. Once you get the hang of that, Laravel's authorization system becomes much easier to work with.

以上是拉維爾授權中的大門和政策之間的差異。的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！