如何按屬性值對對象進行排序？

在JavaScript中，可以通过提供一个比较函数使用.sort()方法按属性值排序对象数组。对于数值属性的升序排列，用a.age - b.age；降序则用b.age - a.age；字符串属性排序需使用localeCompare()方法，并可调整大小写敏感性；处理混合或复杂数据类型时应规范化值、妥善处理undefined或null，并可借助辅助函数，例如通过getOrderValue返回标准化排序值进行计算，从而实现数组按特定属性正确排序。

You can sort an array of objects by a property value in JavaScript using the .sort() method. The trick is to provide a comparison function that tells JavaScript how to compare two objects based on the desired property.

Sorting Numbers in Ascending Order

To sort an array of objects by a numeric property, like age, you can subtract one value from the other in the comparator function:

const people = [
  { name: 'Alice', age: 30 },
  { name: 'Bob', age: 25 },
  { name: 'Charlie', age: 35 }
];

people.sort((a, b) => a.age - b.age);

This will sort the array so the person with the lowest age comes first.
If you want descending order instead, just flip the subtraction: b.age - a.age.

Sorting Strings Alphabetically

When sorting by string properties like name, you need to use comparison logic suitable for strings — usually with localeCompare():

const people = [
  { name: 'Zoe', age: 28 },
  { name: 'John', age: 32 },
  { name: 'Anna', age: 25 }
];

people.sort((a, b) => a.name.localeCompare(b.name));

• localeCompare() handles alphabetical ordering correctly, including case sensitivity and special characters.
• If you don’t care about case, you might normalize the strings before comparing:

  a.name.toLowerCase().localeCompare(b.name.toLowerCase())

Handling Mixed or Complex Data Types

Sometimes the values you're comparing may not be straightforward — maybe some are numbers, some are strings, or even nested values.

In those cases, it’s good practice to:

• Normalize values before comparison
• Handle undefined or null values gracefully
• Use a helper function inside .sort() if needed

Example:

const items = [
  { label: 'Item C', order: 'last' },
  { label: 'Item A', order: 1 },
  { label: 'Item B', order: 3 }
];

const getOrderValue = (item) => {
  if (typeof item.order === 'number') return item.order;
  if (item.order === 'last') return Infinity;
  return 0;
};

items.sort((a, b) => getOrderValue(a) - getOrderValue(b));

This helps when your data isn't consistent across all objects.

Sorting arrays of objects by a property doesn’t have to be tricky — once you know how to use .sort() with a custom comparator, you can handle most common scenarios pretty easily. Just remember to adjust your comparison logic depending on whether you're working with numbers, strings, or mixed data types.

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