如何使用 PBKDF2 和 Bcrypt 在 Java 中安全地散列密碼？

import javax.crypto.SecretKeyFactory;
import javax.crypto.spec.PBEKeySpec;
import java.security.SecureRandom;
import java.util.Base64;

public class PBKDF2PasswordHashing {

    public static String hashPassword(String password, String salt) {
        try {
            // Generate a random salt for increased security
            SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
            byte[] saltBytes = new byte[16];
            random.nextBytes(saltBytes);
            
            // Create a PBEKeySpec using the password and salt
            PBEKeySpec spec = new PBEKeySpec(password.toCharArray(), saltBytes, 65536, 128);
            
            // Generate the hash
            SecretKeyFactory factory = SecretKeyFactory.getInstance("PBKDF2WithHmacSHA1");
            byte[] hash = factory.generateSecret(spec).getEncoded();
            
            // Base64 encode the salt and hash for storage
            String encodedSalt = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(saltBytes);
            String encodedHash = Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(hash);
            
            // Concatenate the salt and hash and return it as a string
            return encodedSalt + "$" + encodedHash;
        } catch (Exception e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Error hashing password: " + e.getMessage(), e);
        }
    }
}

import org.mindrot.jbcrypt.BCrypt;

public class BCryptPasswordHashing {

    public static String hashPassword(String password, String salt) {
        return BCrypt.hashpw(password, BCrypt.gensalt(12));
    }
}