描述演算法執行時間或空間使用上限的數學符號。它表示為O(f(n)),其中f(n) 是一個函數,將時間或空間表示為輸入n 大小的函數.
更多資訊請見:http://bigocheatsheet.com
範例:
import timeit import matplotlib.pyplot as plt import cProfile # O(1) def constant_time_operation(): return 42 # O(log n) def logarithmic_time_operation(n): count = 0 while n > 1: n //= 2 count += 1 return count # O(n) def linear_time_operation(n): total = 0 for i in range(n): total += i return total # O(n log n) def linear_logarithmic_time_operation(n): if n <= 1: return n else: return linear_logarithmic_time_operation(n - 1) + n # O(n^2) def quadratic_time_operation(n): total = 0 for i in range(n): for j in range(n): total += i + j return total # O(2^n) def exponential_time_operation(n): if n <= 1: return 1 else: return exponential_time_operation(n - 1) + exponential_time_operation(n - 1) # O(n!) def factorial_time_operation(n): if n == 0: return 1 else: return n * factorial_time_operation(n - 1) # Function to measure execution time using timeit def measure_time(func, *args): execution_time = timeit.timeit(lambda: func(*args), number=1000) return execution_time def plot_results(results): functions, times = zip(*results) colors = ['skyblue', 'orange', 'green', 'red', 'purple', 'brown', 'pink'] plt.figure(figsize=(14, 8)) plt.bar(functions, times, color=colors) for i, v in enumerate(times): plt.text(i, v + 0.5, f"{v:.6f}", ha='center', va='bottom', rotation=0, color='black') plt.xlabel('Function Complexity') plt.ylabel('Average Time (s)') plt.title('Execution Time of Different Algorithm Complexities') plt.grid(axis='y', linestyle='--', linewidth=0.5, color='gray', alpha=0.5) plt.tight_layout() plt.show() def main(): results = [] results.append(("O(1)", measure_time(constant_time_operation))) results.append(("O(log n)", measure_time(logarithmic_time_operation, 10))) results.append(("O(n)", measure_time(linear_time_operation, 10))) results.append(("O(n log n)", measure_time( linear_logarithmic_time_operation, 10))) results.append(("O(n^2)", measure_time(quadratic_time_operation, 7))) results.append(("O(2^n)", measure_time(exponential_time_operation, 7))) results.append(("O(n!)", measure_time(factorial_time_operation, 112))) plot_results(results) if __name__ == '__main__': cProfile.run("main()", sort="totime", filename="output_profile.prof")
請記住,僅僅應用大符號是不夠的,或者,儘管這是第一步,還有其他方法來優化內存,例如使用插槽、緩存、線程、並行性、流程等
感謝您的閱讀! !
透過反應並提出您的意見來支持我。
以上是大 O 表示法 - Python的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章!