如何在 Ubuntu 上交叉編譯 Raspberry Pi：為什麼找不到 libstdc ？

How to Install a Cross-Compiler Toolchain on Your Host for the Raspberry Pi

Scenario:

You are attempting to cross-compile code for the Raspberry Pi on an Ubuntu machine. However, after installing the pre-built toolchain, you are encountering issues finding the libstdc++ shared library and utilizing the toolchain conveniently.

Solution:

To install and use the cross-compiler toolchain effectively, follow these steps:

Prerequisites:

Install the following prerequisites:

apt-get install git rsync cmake libc6-i386 lib32z1 lib32stdc++6

Setting Up the Toolchain:

1. Create a folder named raspberrypi in your home directory:

   mkdir ~/raspberrypi

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2. Navigate to this folder and clone the toolchain repository:

   cd ~/raspberrypi
   git clone git://github.com/raspberrypi/tools.git

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Integrating the Toolchain:

1. Access the desired toolchain:

   export PATH=$PATH:$HOME/raspberrypi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin

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2. Update your terminal or restart your session:

   • Log out and log back in.
   • Run . ~/.bashrc in your terminal to refresh your PATH.

Configuring CMake:

1. Create a CMake configuration file (~/raspberrypi/pi.cmake):

   SET(CMAKE_SYSTEM_NAME Linux)
   SET(CMAKE_SYSTEM_VERSION 1)
   SET(CMAKE_C_COMPILER $ENV{HOME}/raspberrypi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-gcc)
   SET(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER $ENV{HOME}/raspberrypi/tools/arm-bcm2708/gcc-linaro-arm-linux-gnueabihf-raspbian/bin/arm-linux-gnueabihf-g++)
   SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH $ENV{HOME}/raspberrypi/rootfs)
   SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_PROGRAM NEVER)
   SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_LIBRARY ONLY)
   SET(CMAKE_FIND_ROOT_PATH_MODE_INCLUDE ONLY)

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Creating a File System Mirror (Optional):

1. Create a rootfs folder:

   mkdir ~/raspberrypi/rootfs

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2. Copy the /lib and /usr directories from your Raspberry Pi to ~/raspberrypi/rootfs:

   rsync -rl --delete-after --safe-links [email protected]:/{lib,usr} $HOME/raspberrypi/rootfs

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Cross-Compiling with CMake:

To cross-compile using your configured toolchain, use the -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$HOME/raspberrypi/pi.cmake flag with CMake.

Example:

Compile a simple "Hello World" program for the Raspberry Pi:

1. Clone the "cmake-hello-world" repository:

   git clone https://github.com/jameskbride/cmake-hello-world.git 

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2. Create a build directory and navigate to it:

   cd cmake-hello-world
   mkdir build
   cd build

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3. Configure CMake using the toolchain file:

   cmake -D CMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$HOME/raspberrypi/pi.cmake ../

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4. Build the program:

   make

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5. Transfer the executable to your Raspberry Pi:

   scp CMakeHelloWorld [email protected]:/home/pi/

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6. Run the program on your Raspberry Pi:

   ssh [email protected] ./CMakeHelloWorld

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By following these steps, you will have successfully installed and integrated the Raspberry Pi cross-compiler toolchain, enabling you to conveniently cross-compile your applications.

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