今天,我將分享如何使用現代 React 模式建立一個精美的食品資料庫管理系統。我們將專注於建立一個具有無縫樂觀更新的響應式資料表,將 TanStack Query(以前稱為 React Query)的強大功能與 Mantine 的元件庫相結合。
首先,讓我們定義我們的類型和 API 配置:
// Types export type GetAllFoods = { id: number; name: string; category: string; }; export type CreateNewFoodType = Pick< GetAllFoods, | 'name' | 'category' >; // API Configuration export const API = wretch('<http://localhost:9999>').options({ credentials: 'include', mode: 'cors', headers: { 'Content-Type': 'application/json', Accept: 'application/json', }, }); // TANSTACK QUERY export const getFoodOptions = () => { return queryOptions({ queryKey: ['all-foods'], queryFn: async () => { try { return await API.get('/foods') .unauthorized(() => { console.log('Unauthorized'); }) .json<Array<GetAllFoods>>(); } catch (e) { console.log({ e }); throw e; } }, }); }; export const useGetAllFoods = () => { return useQuery({ ...getFoodOptions(), }); };
使用 Mantine React Table 的表格元件:
const FoodsView = () => { const { data } = useGetAllFoods(); const columns = useMemo<MRT_ColumnDef<GetAllFoods>[]>( () => [ { accessorKey: 'id', header: 'ID', }, { accessorKey: 'name', header: 'Name', }, { accessorKey: 'category', header: 'Category', }, // ... other columns ], [] ); const table = useMantineReactTable({ columns, data: data ?? [], // Optimistic update animation mantineTableBodyCellProps: ({ row }) => ({ style: row.original.id < 0 ? { animation: 'shimmer-and-pulse 2s infinite', background: `linear-gradient( 110deg, transparent 33%, rgba(83, 109, 254, 0.2) 50%, transparent 67% )`, backgroundSize: '200% 100%', position: 'relative', } : undefined, }), }); return <MantineReactTable table={table} />; };
用於新增食物的表單組件:
const CreateNewFood = () => { const { mutate } = useCreateNewFood(); const formInputs = [ { name: 'name', type: 'text' }, { name: 'category', type: 'text' }, ]; const form = useForm<CreateNewFoodType>({ initialValues: { name: '', category: '', // ... other fields }, }); return ( <Box mt="md"> <form onSubmit={form.onSubmit((data) => mutate(data))}> <Flex direction="column" gap="xs"> {formInputs.map((input) => ( <TextInput key={input.name} {...form.getInputProps(input.name)} label={input.name} tt="uppercase" type={input.type} /> ))} <Button type="submit" mt="md"> Create New </Button> </Flex> </form> </Box> ); };
我們實現的核心 - TanStack 查詢突變與樂觀更新:
export const useCreateNewFood = () => { const queryClient = useQueryClient(); return useMutation({ mutationKey: ['create-new-food'], mutationFn: async (data: CreateNewFoodType) => { await new Promise(resolve => setTimeout(resolve, 3000)); // Demo delay return API.url('/foods').post(data).json<GetAllFoods>(); }, onMutate: async (newFood) => { // Cancel in-flight queries await queryClient.cancelQueries({ queryKey: ['all-foods'] }); // Snapshot current state const previousFoods = queryClient.getQueryData<GetAllFoods[]>(['all-foods']); // Create optimistic entry const optimisticFood: GetAllFoods = { id: -Math.random(), ...newFood, verified: false, createdBy: 0, createdAt: new Date().toISOString(), updatedAt: new Date().toISOString(), }; // Update cache optimistically queryClient.setQueryData(['all-foods'], (old) => old ? [...old, optimisticFood] : [optimisticFood] ); return { previousFoods }; }, onError: (err, _, context) => { // Rollback on error if (context?.previousFoods) { queryClient.setQueryData(['all-foods'], context.previousFoods); } }, onSettled: () => { // Refetch to ensure consistency queryClient.invalidateQueries({ queryKey: ['all-foods'] }); }, }); };
動畫將我們樂觀的更新帶入生活:
@keyframes shimmer-and-pulse { 0% { background-position: 200% 0; transform: scale(1); box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(83, 109, 254, 0.2); } 50% { background-position: -200% 0; transform: scale(1.02); box-shadow: 0 0 0 10px rgba(83, 109, 254, 0); } 100% { background-position: 200% 0; transform: scale(1); box-shadow: 0 0 0 0 rgba(83, 109, 254, 0); } }
在您的實作中考慮這些改進:
完成請求後
此實作示範如何使用現代 React 模式建立強大的資料管理系統。 TanStack Query、Mantine UI 和深思熟慮的樂觀更新的結合創造了流暢和專業的用戶體驗。
記住:
您在 React 應用程式中實施樂觀更新時面臨哪些挑戰?在下面的評論中分享您的經驗。
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