Hangman is a classic word-guessing game that’s fun and a great project for beginner programmers.
In this article, we’ll learn how to build a simple version of the Hangman game in Python.
By the end, you'll understand how to use Python’s basic control structures, functions, and lists to create this game.
The goal of Hangman is to guess a secret word by suggesting letters one at a time.
The player can make only a limited number of incorrect guesses before the game ends.
For each incorrect guess, a part of the "hangman" figure is drawn, and if the full figure is drawn before the word is guessed, the player loses.
Let’s break this down and build the game step by step.
Let's plan the game and its key features:
The game will have the following components:
We'll use the random module to randomly select a word from a list.
import random
Next, define a list of words that the game will randomly choose from.
You can add more words to make the game more interesting.
word_list = ['python', 'java', 'hangman', 'programming', 'computer']
We need a function to randomly pick a word from our word list.
def get_random_word(word_list):
return random.choice(word_list)
As the player guesses letters, we need to show the correctly guessed letters and placeholders (_) for the unguessed letters.
def display_word(word, guessed_letters):
display = ''
for letter in word:
if letter in guessed_letters:
display += letter + ' '
else:
display += '_ '
return display.strip()
This function checks whether all letters of the word have been guessed.
def is_word_guessed(word, guessed_letters):
for letter in word:
if letter not in guessed_letters:
return False
return True
To display a hangman figure in a text-based game, you can use ASCII art to represent the different stages of the hangman.
def display_hangman(wrong_guesses):
stages = [
"""
-----
| |
O |
/|\\ |
/ \\ |
|
--------
""",
"""
-----
| |
O |
/|\\ |
/ |
|
--------
""",
"""
-----
| |
O |
/|\\ |
|
|
--------
""",
"""
-----
| |
O |
/| |
|
|
--------
""",
"""
-----
| |
O |
| |
|
|
--------
""",
"""
-----
| |
O |
|
|
|
--------
""",
"""
-----
| |
|
|
|
|
--------
"""
]
# Reverse the list to display the stages in the correct order
stages.reverse()
return stages[wrong_guesses]
Now we can put together the main loop of the game. This loop will:
import random
# Function to get a random word from the list
def get_random_word(word_list):
return random.choice(word_list)
# Function to display the current state of the word
def display_word(word, guessed_letters):
display = ''
for letter in word:
if letter in guessed_letters:
display += letter + ' '
else:
display += '_ '
return display.strip()
# Function to check if the word has been guessed
def is_word_guessed(word, guessed_letters):
for letter in word:
if letter not in guessed_letters:
return False
return True
# Function to display the hangman figure
def display_hangman(wrong_guesses):
stages = [
"""
-----
| |
O |
/|\\ |
/ \\ |
|
--------
""",
"""
-----
| |
O |
/|\\ |
/ |
|
--------
""",
"""
-----
| |
O |
/|\\ |
|
|
--------
""",
"""
-----
| |
O |
/| |
|
|
--------
""",
"""
-----
| |
O |
| |
|
|
--------
""",
"""
-----
| |
O |
|
|
|
--------
""",
"""
-----
| |
|
|
|
|
--------
"""
]
# Reverse the list to display the stages in the correct order
stages.reverse()
return stages[wrong_guesses]
# Main function to play the game
def play_hangman():
word_list = ['python', 'java', 'hangman', 'programming', 'computer']
word = get_random_word(word_list)
guessed_letters = []
attempts = 6
wrong_guesses = 0
print("Welcome to Hangman!")
print("Guess the word!")
# Main game loop
while wrong_guesses < attempts:
print(display_hangman(wrong_guesses))
print(display_word(word, guessed_letters))
guess = input("Enter a letter: ").lower()
# Check if the guess is valid
if len(guess) != 1 or not guess.isalpha():
print("Please enter a single letter.")
continue
# Check if the letter has already been guessed
if guess in guessed_letters:
print("You have already guessed that letter.")
continue
guessed_letters.append(guess)
# Check if the guess is in the word
if guess in word:
print(f"Good guess! {guess} is in the word.")
else:
wrong_guesses += 1
print(f"Sorry, {guess} is not in the word.")
print(f"You have {attempts - wrong_guesses} attempts left.")
# Check if the word is fully guessed
if is_word_guessed(word, guessed_letters):
print(f"Congratulations! You've guessed the word: {word}")
break
else:
print(display_hangman(wrong_guesses))
print(f"Game over! The word was: {word}")
# Run the game
if __name__ == "__main__":
play_hangman()
To run the game, simply execute the Python script, assuming you created a file main.py:
python main.py
The game will prompt you to enter letters, and it will display the word with correctly guessed letters as you progress.
If you run out of attempts, the game ends, and you lose, like this:
-----
| |
O |
/|\ |
/ \ |
|
--------
Game over! The word was: programming
If you guess the word correctly, you win, like this:
-----
| |
|
|
|
|
--------
j a _ a
Enter a letter: v
Good guess! v is in the word.
Congratulations! You've guessed the word: java
This simple Hangman game demonstrates the use of control structures, functions, lists, and basic input/output in Python.
As you build this project, you can add more features such as:
這是一個很棒的項目，可以在您學習更多高級 Python 概念時進行擴展。
以上是如何用 Python 建立 Hangman 遊戲：逐步指南的詳細內容。更多資訊請關注PHP中文網其他相關文章！
