揭示 Spring AOP 的內部運作原理-java教程-PHP中文網

Unveiling the Inner Workings of Spring AOP

在這篇文章中，我們將揭秘 Spring 中面向面向程式設計（AOP）的內部機制。重點將放在理解 AOP 如何實現日誌記錄等功能，這些功能通常被認為是一種「魔法」。透過瀏覽核心 Java 實現，我們將了解 Java 的反射、代理模式和註釋，而不是任何真正神奇的東西。

先決條件

Java 核心代理程式 API
反射API
註解API

這些都是 java.lang.reflect、java.lang.annotation 和 javassist.util.proxy 套件的一部分。

核心機制

Spring AOP 的核心是代理物件、方法攔截器和反射的概念。此模式中的關鍵角色是 MethodHandler（或呼叫處理程序）。此處理程序透過攔截方法呼叫來控制代理物件的行為。當在代理上呼叫方法時，它會透過處理程序傳遞，其中可以透過反射對註釋進行內省。根據所應用的註釋，可以在異常之前、之後或異常時執行必要的邏輯（例如日誌記錄）。

分解它

代理對象：這些是動態建立的對象，代表您的實際業務對象，透過方法處理程序路由方法呼叫。
呼叫處理程序：這就是攔截的神奇之處。使用反射，處理程序可以檢查目標方法上存在的註釋並相應地改變行為。
自訂註釋：您可以定義自訂註釋，它們用作觸發日誌記錄、安全檢查或事務管理等附加功能的標記。

範例： 假設我們想要在某些方法執行之前和之後加入日誌記錄。我們可以使用 @BeforeMethod 和 @AfterMethod 註解方法，而不是到處硬編碼日誌記錄。我們的處理程序檢查此註釋的方法並動態添加適當的日誌記錄邏輯。

以下是我們範例中控制器和服務的類別。

WorkerController.java

package edu.pk.poc.aop.controller;

import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.AfterMethod;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.All;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.BeforeMethod;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.helper.ProxyFactory;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.service.Worker;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.service.WorkerService;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.service.WorkerServiceImpl;

public class WorkerController {
    WorkerService workerService = ProxyFactory.createProxy(WorkerServiceImpl.class);
    /**
     * This Method 1s annotated with @BeforeMethod and @AfterMethod, So the log statements
     * will be generated before and after method call.
     */
    @BeforeMethod
    @AfterMethod
    public void engageFullTimeWorker() throws Exception {
        Worker fullTimeWorker = new Worker();
        fullTimeWorker.setName("FullTime-Worker");
        fullTimeWorker.setPartTime(false);
        fullTimeWorker.setDuration(9);
        workerService.doWork(fullTimeWorker);
    }
    /**
     * This Method is annotated with @All, So the log statements will be generated before and after method call
     * along with exception if raised.
     */
    @All
    public void engagePartTimeWorker() throws Exception {
        Worker partTimeWorker = new Worker();
        partTimeWorker.setName("PartTime-Worker");
        partTimeWorker.setPartTime(true);
        partTimeWorker.setDuration(4);
        workerService.doWork(partTimeWorker);
    }
}

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WorkerServiceImpl.java

package edu.pk.poc.aop.service;

import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.AfterMethod;

public class WorkerServiceImpl implements WorkerService {
    /**
     * Here this method is annotated with only @AfterMethod, So only log statement
     * will be generated after method call
     */
    @AfterMethod
    @Override
    public void doWork(Worker worker) throws Exception {
        if (worker.isPartTime()) {
            throw new Exception("Part time workers are not permitted to work.");
        }
        System.out.print("A full time worker is working for " + worker.getDuration() + " hours :: ");
        for (int i = 1; i < worker.getDuration(); i++) {
            System.out.print("* ");
        }
        System.out.println();
    }
}

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Main.java 測試類別

package edu.pk.poc.aop.test;

import edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.WorkerController;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.helper.ProxyFactory;
import edu.pk.util.Logger;

public class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        WorkerController controller = ProxyFactory.createProxy(WorkerController.class);
        Logger logger = new Logger();
        try {
            System.out.println("Testing @BeforeMethod and @AfterMethod");
            System.out.println("-----------------------------------------");
            controller.engageFullTimeWorker();
            System.out.println("Testing @All");
            System.out.println("-----------------------------------------");
            controller.engagePartTimeWorker();
        } catch (Exception e) {
            logger.error("Exception caught in Main class");
        }
    }
}

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輸出

Testing @BeforeMethod and @AfterMethod
-----------------------------------------
>>> Entering into edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.WorkerController.engageFullTimeWorker()
A full time worker is working for 9 hours :: * * * * * * * * 
>>> Exiting from edu.pk.poc.aop.service.WorkerServiceImpl.doWork()
>>> Exiting from edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.WorkerController.engageFullTimeWorker()
Testing @All
-----------------------------------------
>>> Entering into edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.WorkerController.engagePartTimeWorker()
>>> Exception in edu.pk.poc.aop.controller.WorkerController.engagePartTimeWorker()
Exception caught in Main class

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它是如何運作的

當在代理物件上呼叫方法時，該呼叫會被處理程序攔截，處理程序使用反射來檢查目標方法上的所有註解。根據這些註釋，處理程序決定是否記錄方法進入/退出、記錄異常或完全跳過記錄。

以下是可視化它的方法：

執行前：記錄方法條目。
執行後：記錄方法退出或成功。
全部：記錄方法條目、方法條目以及引發的異常。這種動態行為表明 Spring AOP 利用了核心 Java API，而不是使用一些神奇的技巧。

定義註解

package edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface AfterMethod {

}

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package edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface BeforeMethod {

}

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package edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation;

import java.lang.annotation.ElementType;
import java.lang.annotation.Retention;
import java.lang.annotation.RetentionPolicy;
import java.lang.annotation.Target;

@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
public @interface All {

}

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定義代理工廠

package edu.pk.poc.aop.helper;

/**
 * The {@code ProxyFactory} class is responsible for creating proxy objects using the Javassist library.
 * It allows for dynamic generation of proxies for classes or interfaces, with support for method interception.
 */
public class ProxyFactory {

    /**
     * A Javassist ProxyFactory instance used to generate proxy classes.
     */
    private static final javassist.util.proxy.ProxyFactory factory = new javassist.util.proxy.ProxyFactory();

    /**
     * Creates a proxy object for the given class or interface.
     * If the class is an interface, the proxy implements the interface.
     * If it's a concrete class, the proxy extends the class.
     *
     * @param <T>   the type of the class or interface for which the proxy is to be created
     * @param klass the {@code Class} object representing the class or interface to proxy
     * @return a proxy instance of the specified class or interface, or {@code null} if proxy creation fails
     */
    public static <T> T createProxy(Class<T> klass) {
        if (klass.isInterface())
            factory.setInterfaces(new Class[]{klass});
        else
            factory.setSuperclass(klass);
        try {
            return (T) factory.create(new Class<?>[0], new Object[0], new AOPLoggingMethodHandler());
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.err.println(e.getMessage());
        }
        return null;
    }
}

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定義 MethodHandler

package edu.pk.poc.aop.helper;

import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.AfterMethod;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.All;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.BeforeMethod;
import edu.pk.poc.aop.annotation.OnException;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

import edu.pk.util.Logger;
import javassist.util.proxy.MethodHandler;

public class AOPLoggingMethodHandler implements MethodHandler {

    private static final Logger logger = new Logger();

    public Object invoke(Object self, Method thisMethod, Method proceed, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
        if (proceed != null) { // Concrete Method
            Object result = null;
            String className = resolveClassName(self);
            try {
                if (isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, BeforeMethod.class) || isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, All.class)) {
                    logger.info(">>> Entering into " + className + "." + thisMethod.getName() + "()");
                }
                result = proceed.invoke(self, args);
                if (isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, AfterMethod.class) || isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, All.class)) {
                    logger.info(">>> Exiting from " + className + "." + thisMethod.getName() + "()");
                }
            } catch (Throwable t) {
                if (isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, OnException.class) || isAnnotationPresent(thisMethod, All.class)) {
                    logger.error(">>> Exception in " + className + "." + thisMethod.getName() + "()");
                }
                throw t;
            }
            return result;
        }
        throw new RuntimeException("Method is Abstract");
    }

    private boolean isAnnotationPresent(Method method, Class klass) {
        Annotation[] declaredAnnotationsByType = method.getAnnotationsByType(klass);
        return declaredAnnotationsByType != null && declaredAnnotationsByType.length > 0;
    }

    private String resolveClassName(Object self) {
        String className = self.getClass().getName();
        if (className.contains("_$$")) {
            className = className.substring(0, className.indexOf("_$$"));
        }
        return className;
    }
}

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