響應式網頁設計是一種開發網站的方法，使其可以在各種裝置和螢幕尺寸上正常運作。響應式設計不必為不同裝置創建多個版本的網站，而是使用靈活的網格和佈局、媒體查詢和流暢的圖像來在所有平台上提供更好的使用者體驗。
隨著世界各地越來越多的人使用手機和平板電腦瀏覽互聯網，擁有響應式網站不再是一種選擇，而是一種必需。響應式設計允許消費者無縫存取內容，無論他們使用什麼設備，從而提高可用性。它還透過確保內容在視覺上連貫且易於跨裝置閱讀來改善用戶體驗，這可以減少挫折感並鼓勵互動。此外，響應式設計可以讓網站面向未來，讓它們適應新設備，而無需進行大量重新設計。
今天，我們將了解響應式網頁設計的基礎知識，並特別關注兩種強大的 CSS 技術：Flexbox 和 CSS Grid。我們將使用帶有彩色框和數字的簡單網站來展示這些佈局如何適應不同的螢幕尺寸。
自從網路誕生之初以來，響應式網頁設計已經發生了很大變化。媒體查詢，根據裝置特徵（例如螢幕尺寸、解析度和方向）套用樣式。 2000 年代初期推出，Flexbox 於 2012 年推出，CSS Grid 於 2017 年採用。這些創新使設計人員能夠在多種不同設備上創建適應性佈局，為用戶提供更好的體驗。
現在，讓我們來看一些實際範例，以了解 Flexbox 和 CSS Grid 的工作原理。
我們將使用 CSS 網格建立一個簡單的佈局。
網格佈局的 HTML:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Color Grid</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="grid-container">
<div class="grid-item" style="background-color: #FF5733;">1</div>
<div class="grid-item" style="background-color: #33FF57;">2</div>
<div class="grid-item" style="background-color: #3357FF;">3</div>
<div class="grid-item" style="background-color: #FF33A1;">4</div>
<div class="grid-item" style="background-color: #33FFF1;">5</div>
<div class="grid-item" style="background-color: #FFA133;">6</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
HTML:
網格版面的 CSS:
/* styles.css */
body {
margin: 0;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background: #f0f0f0;
}
.grid-container {
display: grid;
grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(100px, 1fr));
gap: 10px;
padding: 20px;
}
.grid-item {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100px;
color: #fff;
font-size: 2em;
border-radius: 8px;
}
CSS:
此網格佈局使用：
接下來，讓我們使用 Flexbox 建立一排簡單的彩色框框。
Flexbox 版面的 HTML:
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Color Row</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="styles.css">
</head>
<body>
<div class="flex-container">
<div class="flex-item" style="background-color: #FF5733;">1</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="background-color: #33FF57;">2</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="background-color: #3357FF;">3</div>
<div class="flex-item" style="background-color: #FF33A1;">4</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>
HTML:
Flexbox 版面的 CSS:
/* styles.css */
body {
margin: 0;
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background: #f5f5f5;
}
.flex-container {
display: flex;
flex-wrap: wrap;
justify-content: center;
padding: 20px;
gap: 10px;
}
.flex-item {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
align-items: center;
height: 100px;
width: 100px;
color: #fff;
font-size: 2em;
border-radius: 8px;
}
CSS:
The CSS here uses Flexbox properties to create a responsive layout that adapts to various screen sizes. The display: flex; in the .flex-container gives its child elements, or (flex items), Flexbox functionalities. The flex-wrap: wrap; property allows items to flow onto multiple lines if the container's width is exceeded. The justify-content: center; property centers the flex items along the main axis, so there is a balanced layout regardless of the number of items. The gap: 10px; property introduces uniform spacing between items, improving overall organization. Each .flex-item is also a flex container, using display: flex; to allow further alignment of its inner content, which is centered both vertically and horizontally using justify-content: center; and align-items: center;. The fixed dimensions of height: 100px; and width: 100px; provide uniformity, while the combination of these properties gives the layout a pleasant look while adapting to the needs of different devices.
This flexbox layout demonstrates severalresponsive design characteristics.
When it comes to layout design in CSS, Grid and Flexbox are both great choices, but they serve different purposes. CSS Grid is a two-dimensional layout system that allows you to create complex grid structures with rows and columns, making it ideal for layouts where precise control over both dimensions is required, such as in web applications or dashboards. On the other hand, Flexbox is a one-dimensional layout model that is best at distributing space along a single axis—either horizontally or vertically—making it perfect for simpler layouts or smaller components like buttons or navigation menus. While you might choose Grid for a comprehensive, structured layout where elements need to align across both axes, Flexbox would be your go-to for an adaptive, fluid layout that needs to respond to content size. In the end, your choice should depend on the specific needs of your project; often, using both together, complementarily, can give you the best results.
With CSS Grid and Flexbox, you can create adaptable layouts that look great on any device. These examples illustrate how straightforward it can be to implement dynamic designs.
Now it's your turn! Experiment with these techniques, modify the colors and layout settings, and see how simple it is to create fun and responsive designs.
``
sources:
https://www.w3schools.com/css/css3_flexbox.asp
https://www.w3schools.com/css/css_grid.asp
https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Learn/CSS/CSS_layout
https://kinsta.com/blog/responsive-web-design/#4-flexbox-layout
https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/a-guide-to-flexbox/
https://css-tricks.com/snippets/css/complete-guide-grid/
https://blog.logrocket.com/css-flexbox-vs-css-grid/#:~:text=For%20a%20major%20layout%20style,helpful%20when%20working%20with%20rows.
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