First you understand subDoc 的定义就错了, subDoc 应该也是一个由单独的 Schema -> Model 生成的实例, 简单来说, 就是得有一个子文档的 Schema

const AdressSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
      name: String,
      phone: String,
      type: String,
      addr: String
    })

const AccountSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    email:     { type: String, unique: true },
    password:  String,
    phone:     String,
    name:      String,
    
    //重点在这里
    address:   [AdressSchema]
  })

One more thing, if you don’t have 自定义的 SchemaTypes的话, 原来的写法就是错的. 而且就算定义了, 属性type you can’t point to an object

address: {
    //这样就是绝对错误 
    type: [
        {
            name: { type: String},
            phone: { type: String},
            type: { type: String},
            addr: { type: String}
        }
    ]
}

Because mongoose is legal by default SchemaTypesSchemaTypes 就 String, Number, Array, ObjectId, Mixed... just String, Number, Array, ObjectId, Mixed...

const AccountSchema = new mongoose.Schema({
    email:     { type: String, unique: true },
    password:  String,
    phone:     String,
    name:      String,
    address:   {
        name: String,
        phone: String,
        adrType: String,        //这里用 adrType 替代你的 type, 避免和保留字重名
        addr: String
    }
  }
)