Having a dockerfile does not necessarily mean you have an image file. You can build the image file throughdocker build -t ${tagName} .. Then create a CONTAINER through the image file, and your container will eventually be able to run. For your current example you can complete the above process with the following command:

sudo docker build -t mytomcat . sudo docker run -p 8080:8080 mytomcat //在这里你可以加上特定参数

Before writing the Dockerfile yourself, it is best to practice the Dockerfile building process first.
According to your own logic, create and enter the container through the basic image, execute the commands you want to write in the Dockerfile first, see if there are any problems, and solve these problems, and then summarize all the commands and write them into a Dockerfile.
Instead of writing a Dockerfile directly on paper.

The error here is obvious. The Tomcat startup script/usr/local/tomcat/bin/startup.shdoes not exist, so the container cannot be started. Please practice building Tomcat in a container first, see how Tomcat should be started, what problems are missing in the startup, solve all the problems, and the Tomcat you built can run, and then write these things into a Dockerfile. Writing a Dockerfile in an empty space seems to be very powerful and saves practice, but in fact it is just a waste of time.