'migrates' encountered an invalid opcode while deploying. try:
My migration.sol code
// SPDX-License-Identifier: UNLICENSED
//the version of solidity that is compatible
pragma solidity ^0.8.0;
contract Migrations {
address public owner = msg.sender;
uint public last_completed_migration;
modifier restricted() {
require(
msg.sender == owner,
"This function is restricted to the contract's owner"
);
_;
}
function setCompleted(uint completed) public restricted {
last_completed_migration = completed;
}
}
My truffle config.js file
const path = require("path");
module.exports = {
// See <http://truffleframework.com/docs/advanced/configuration>
// to customize your Truffle configuration!
contracts_build_directory: path.join(__dirname, "/build"),
networks: {
development: {
host: "127.0.0.1",
port: 8545,
network_id: "*" //Match any network id
}
},
plugins: ["truffle-contract-size"],
compilers: {
solc: {
version: "^0.8.0"
}
},
solidity: {
version: "0.8.3",
settings: {
optimizer: {
enabled: true,
runs: 1000,
},
},
},
};
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This may be due to the recent introduction of the new opcode
PUSH0starting withsolcversion 0.8.20.For a complete list, see "When was each opcode added to the EVM?" . p>
Essentially, your version of the Solidity compiler is "ahead" of the network you are trying to deploy to. In other words,
solcoutputs bytecode that contains the opcode, but the network doesn't have it yet.You have 3 potential solutions:
127.0.0.1:8545, this means that you can upgrade to the latest version of the network you are running locally (e.g. Ganache), maybe this will solve the problemsolc.solcversion in your Solidity files:pragma Solidity 0.8.19;solcversion in the truffle configuration file:version: "0.8.19"PUSH0opcode, this will resolve your issue, assolcversion 0.8.19 does not output this.solcversion, but specify a non-latest target EVM versionsolcsection in the truffle configuration file to add the new property:settings: { evmVersion: 'london' }evmVersion: 'shanghai'by default, which means it can outputPUSH0evmVersion: 'london', which is the second latest target EVM version (as of June 2023), then you are actually tellingsolcAvoid outputPUSH0.PUSH0opcode, this will solve your problem sincesolchas been told not to output this.references: