The first situation: there is a link in the tag

from lxml import etree 

node = etree.fromstring('<a xml = 'www.www.com'><c>bum</c></a>')

print node.findtext('c',default = 'what happened?')

Second situation: The tag above the requested text has no content

from lxml import etree 

node = etree.fromstring('<a><b><c>bum</c></b></a>')

print node.findtext('c', default = 'what happened?')

The results returned by the above two situations are ‘None’

Successful situation

from lxml import etree 

node = etree.fromstring('<a><c>bum</c></a>')

print node.findtext('c')

I would like to ask how to solve these two problems?