For work needs, I backed up the company's MYSQL database. I just started learning Python. I watched a set of simple Python teaching videos and simply wrote a backup script. I personally expressed my interest in Python's classes, functions, and build-in functions. , private variables, global variables, etc., I have no idea how to use them, when to use them, etc. I just record them here. I also welcome passing pythoners to give me advice.
Some issues known to me:
1. The script must require all behaviors in the mysql configuration file to be in the key=value format, and there must be no redundant comments. Otherwise, the ConfigParser module will make an error when parsing the configuration file. Due to lack of research I wonder if ConfigParser has a fault-tolerant method that can be called, and I don’t have time to write fault-tolerant processing. Instead, I solved it by sorting out the my.ini configuration file to make it meet the requirements of ConfigParser. The mysql configuration file I use will be attached later.
2. Extensive use of class private member variables, because I don’t know when python variables, class methods, etc. should be privatized, and what the difference is. I only know that when class private member variables are imported or inherited in other scripts, is invisible.
3. There are a lot of file operations and value transfer operations. Currently, we only ensure that there is no problem in passing values in the correct format, and no redundant fault tolerance processing is done. 4. A lot of string splicing is being done. It is my first time to write an operation and maintenance related script. Since I need to call system commands and pass many parameters, I don’t know the subprocess module. I don’t know how others write operation and maintenance scripts, so I just write it directly. Spliced.
5. Other unknown bugs, undiscovered logical errors, etc.
Environment:
- Server: Dell PowerEdge T110
- OS: CentOS 6.3_x86_64
- PythonVersion: 2.7.3
- : 5.5.28 linux x86_64
MysqlBackupScript.py
#!/usr/bin/env python
# coding: utf8
# script MysqlBackupScript
# by Becareful
# version v1.0
"""
This scripts provides auto backup mysql(version == 5.5.x) database .
"""
import os
import sys
import datetime #用于生成备份文件的日期
import linecache #用于读取文件的指定行
import ConfigParser #解析mysql配置文件
class DatabaseArgs(object):
"""
"""
__MYSQL_BASE_DIR = r'/usr/local/mysql' #mysql安装目录
__MYSQL_BIN_DIR = __MYSQL_BASE_DIR + '/bin' #mysql二进制目录
__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE = r'/usr/local/mysql/my.cnf' #mysql配置文件
__ONEDAY = datetime.timedelta(days=1) #一天的时长，用于计算下面的前一天和后一天日期
__TODAY = datetime.date.today() #当天日期格式为 YYYY-MM-DD
__YESTERDAY = __TODAY - __ONEDAY #计算昨天日期
__TOMORROW = __TODAY + __ONEDAY #计算明天日期
__WEEKDAY = __TODAY.strftime('%w') #计算当天是一星期的星期几
__MYSQL_DUMP_ARGS = { #用一个字典存储mysqldump 命令备份数据库的参数
'MYISAM': ' -v -E -e -R --triggers -F -n --opt --master-data=2 --hex-blob -B ',
'INNODB': ' -v -E -e -R --triggers -F --single-transaction -n --opt --master-data=2 --hex-blob -B '
}
__DUMP_COMMAND = __MYSQL_BIN_DIR + '/mysqldump' #mysqldump 命令的 路径 用于dump mysql数据
__FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND = __MYSQL_BIN_DIR + '/mysqladmin' #mysqladmin 命令的路径 ，用于执行 flush-logs 生成每天增量binlog
__BACKUP_DIR = r'/backup/' # 指定备份文件存放的目录
__PROJECTNAME = 'example' # 指定需要备份的数据库对应的项目名，将来会生成 projectname-YYYY-MM-DD.sql 等文件
__DATABASE_LIST = [] # 指定需要备份的数据库名，可以是多个，使用列表
__HOST = 'localhost'
__PORT = 3306
__USERNAME = 'root'
__PASSWORD = ''
__LOGINARGS = '' # 如果在localhost登陆，需要密码，可以设定登陆的参数，具体在下面有说明
__LOGFILE = __BACKUP_DIR + '/backup.logs'
def __init__(self, baseDir=__MYSQL_BASE_DIR, backDir=__BACKUP_DIR, engine='MYISAM', projectName=__PROJECTNAME,
dbList=__DATABASE_LIST, host=__HOST, port=__PORT, user=__USERNAME, passwd=__PASSWORD):
"""
实例化对象时传入的参数，如不传入默认使用类的私有成员变量作为默认值
:param baseDir:
:param backDir:
:param engine:
:param projectName:
:param dbList:
:param host:
:param port:
:param user:
:param passwd:
"""
self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR = baseDir
self.__BACKUP_DIR = backDir
self.__PROJECTNAME = projectName
self.__DATABASE_LIST = dbList
self.__HOST = host
self.__PORT = port
self.__USERNAME = user
self.__PASSWORD = passwd
self.__ENGINE = self.__MYSQL_DUMP_ARGS[engine]
#下面定义了如需登陆时，参数 其实就是生成 这样的格式 “-hlocalhost -uroot --password=‘xxxx’”
self.__LOGINARGS = " -h" + self.__HOST + " -P" + str(
self.__PORT) + " -u" + self.__USERNAME + " --password='" + self.__PASSWORD + "'"
self.checkDatabaseArgs() #调用检查函数
def __getconfig(self, cnf=__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE, item=None): # 解析mysql配置文件的小函数，简单封装了下，传入一个值作为my.cnf的key去查找对应的value
__mycnf = ConfigParser.ConfigParser()
__mycnf.read(cnf)
try:
return __mycnf.get("mysqld", item)
except BaseException, e:
sys.stderr.write(str(e))
sys.exit(1)
def __getBinlogPath(self): # 取每天需要增量备份的binlog日志的绝对路径，从mysql的binlog.index文件取倒数第二行
__BINLOG_INDEX = self.__getconfig(item='log-bin') + '.index'
if not os.path.isfile(__BINLOG_INDEX):
sys.stderr.write('BINLOG INDEX FILE: [' + __BINLOG_INDEX + ' ] NOT FOUND! \n')
sys.exit(1)
else:
try:
__BINLOG_PATH = linecache.getline(__BINLOG_INDEX, len(open(__BINLOG_INDEX,'r').readlines()) - 1)
linecache.clearcache()
except BaseException, e:
sys.stderr.write(str(e))
sys.exit(1)
return __BINLOG_PATH.strip()
def flushDatabaseBinlog(self): # 调用此函数，将会执行 mysqladmin flush-logs ,刷新binlog日志
return os.popen(self.__FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND + self.__LOGINARGS + ' flush-logs')
def dumpDatabaseSQL(self): #|通过mysqladmin 对指定数据库进行全备
if not os.path.isfile(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql'):
return os.popen(self.__DUMP_COMMAND + self.__LOGINARGS + self.__ENGINE + ' '.join(
self.__DATABASE_LIST) + ' >> ' + self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' +str(
self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '.sql')
else:
sys.stderr.write('Backup File [' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + self.__PROJECTNAME +'.sql] already exists.\n')
def dumpDatabaseBinlog(self):#通过copy2() 将需要备份的binlog日志复制到指定备份目录
if not os.path.isfile(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' +str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1]):
from shutil import copy2
try:
copy2(self.__getBinlogPath(), self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + '/' +str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' + os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1])
except BaseException, e:
sys.stderr.write(str(e))
else:
sys.stderr.write('Binlog File [' + str(self.__YESTERDAY) + '-' +os.path.split(self.__getBinlogPath())[1] + '] already exists\n' )
def checkDatabaseArgs(self): #对一些必要条件进行检查
__rv = 0
if not os.path.isdir(self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR): #检查指定的mysql安装目录是否存在
sys.stderr.write('MYSQL BASE DIR: [ ' + self.__MYSQL_BASE_DIR + ' ] NOT FOUND\n')
__rv += 1
if not os.path.isdir(self.__BACKUP_DIR): #检查指定的备份目录是否存在，如不存在自动创建
sys.stderr.write('BACKUP DIR: [ ' + self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME + ' ] NOT FOUND ,AUTO CREATED\n')
os.makedirs(self.__BACKUP_DIR + '/' + self.__PROJECTNAME)
if not os.path.isfile(self.__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE): #检查mysql配置文件是否存在
sys.stderr.write('MYSQL CONFIG FILE: [' + self.__MYSQL_CONFIG_FILE + ' ] NOT FOUND\n')
__rv += 1
if not os.path.isfile(self.__DUMP_COMMAND): #检查备份数据库时使用的mysqldump命令是否存在
sys.stderr.write('MYSQL DUMP COMMAND: [' + self.__DUMP_COMMAND + ' ] NOT FOUND\n')
__rv += 1
if not os.path.isfile(self.__FLUSH_LOG_COMMAND): #检查刷新mysql binlog日志使用的mysqladmin命令是否存在
sys.stderr.write('MYSQL FLUSH LOG COMMAND: [' + self.__DUMP_COMMAND + ' ] NOT FOUND\n')
__rv += 1
if not self.__DATABASE_LIST: #检查需要备份的数据库列表是否存在
sys.stderr.write('Database List is None \n')
__rv += 1
if __rv: # 判断返回值，由于上述任何一步检查失败，都会导致 __rv 值 +1 ，只要最后__rv ！= 0就直接退出了。
sys.exit(1)
def crontab(): # 使用字典，来进行相关参数传递，并实例化对象，调用相关方法进行操作
zabbix = {
'baseDir': '/usr/local/mysql/',
'backDir': '/backup/',
'projectName': 'Monitor',
'dbList': ['zabbix'],
'host': 'localhost',
'port': 3306,
'user': 'root',
'passwd': 'xxxxxxx'
}
monitor = DatabaseArgs(**zabbix)
monitor.dumpDatabaseSQL()
monitor.dumpDatabaseBinlog()
monitor.flushDatabaseBinlog()
if __name__ == '__main__':
crontab()my.cnf
[client] port = 3306 socket = /mysql/var/db.socket [mysqld] socket = /mysql/var/db.socket datadir = /mysql/db/ skip-external-locking = 1 skip-innodb = 0 key_buffer_size = 256M max_allowed_packet = 10M table_open_cache = 2048 sort_buffer_size = 4M read_buffer_size = 4M read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M myisam_max_sort_file_size = 1G myisam_repair_threads = 1 myisam_recover = DEFAULT thread_cache_size = 32 query_cache_size = 32M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M tmp_table_size = 128M thread_stack = 192K skip-name-resolve = 1 max_connections = 65500 default-storage-engine = myisam federated = 0 server-id = 1 slave-skip-errors = all #log = /var/log/sql_query.log slow-query-log = 1 slow-query-log-file = /mysql/log/sql_query_slow.log long-query-time = 5 log-queries-not-using-indexes = 1 log-slow-admin-statements = 1 log-bin = /mysql/var/log/binlog/bin-log log-error = /mysql/var/log/mysql.err master-info-file = /mysql/var/log/master.info relay-log = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin relay-log-index = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin.index relay-log-info-file = /mysql/var/log/relay-bin/relay-bin.info binlog_cache_size = 8M binlog_format = MIXED max_binlog_cache_size = 20M max_binlog_size = 1G binlog-ignore-db = mysql binlog-ignore-db = performance_schema binlog-ignore-db = information_schema replicate-ignore-db = mysql replicate-ignore-db = performance_schema replicate-ignore-db = information_schema innodb_data_home_dir = /mysql/ibdata/ innodb_data_file_path = ibdata:156M:autoextend innodb_log_group_home_dir = /mysql/ibdata/ log-slave-updates = 0 back_log = 512 transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED max_heap_table_size = 246M interactive_timeout = 120 wait_timeout = 120 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 16M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 16M innodb_log_file_size = 128M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 1 innodb_open_file = 327500 open_files_limit = 327500 [mysqldump] quick = 1 max_allowed_packet = 50M [mysql] auto-rehash = 1 socket = /mysql/var/db.socket safe-updates = 0 [myisamchk] key_buffer_size = 256M sort_buffer_size = 256M read_buffer = 2M write_buffer = 2M [mysqlhotcopy] interactive-timeout = 100
The final generated backup directory structure is like this
[root@zabbix backup]# find ./ ./ ./Monitor ./Monitor/2013-03-16-bin-log.000008 ./Monitor/2013-03-14-bin-log.000006 ./Monitor/2013-03-16-Monitor.sql ./Monitor/2013-03-15-Monitor.sql ./Monitor/2013-03-15-bin-log.000007 ./Monitor/2013-03-14-Monitor.sql ~END~
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