<?php switch ($foo): ?> <?php case 1: ?> ... <?php endswitch ?>

<?php switch ($foo): ?> <?php case 1: ?> ... <?php endswitch ?>

<?php /* 不正确的使用方法： */ if($a > $b): echo $a." is greater than ".$b; else if($a == $b): // 将无法编译 echo "The above line causes a parse error."; endif; /* 正确的使用方法： */ if($a > $b): echo $a." is greater than ".$b; elseif($a == $b): // 注意使用了一个单词的 elseif echo $a." equals ".$b; else: echo $a." is neither greater than or equal to ".$b; endif; ?>

for (expr1; expr2; expr3) statement

/* example 2 */ for ($i = 1; ; $i++) { if ($i > 10) { break; } echo $i; } /* example 3 */ $i = 1; for (;;) { if ($i > 10) { break; } echo $i; $i++; } /* example 4 */ for ($i = 1, $j = 0; $i <= 10; $j += $i, print $i, $i++); /* example */ $people = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]; for($i = 0, $size = count($people); $i < $size; ++$i) { print $people[$i]; }

<?php for($col = 'R'; $col != 'AD'; $col++) { echo $col.' '; } //returns: R S T U V W X Y Z AA AB AC //Take note that you can't use $col < 'AD'. It only works with != //Very convenient when working with excel columns. ?>

<?php $arr = array(1, 2, 3, 4); foreach ($arr as &$value) { $value = $value * 2; } // $arr is now array(2, 4, 6, 8) unset($value); // 最后取消掉引用 ?>

<?php $arr = array("one", "two", "three"); reset($arr); while (list(, $value) = each($arr)) { echo "Value: $value<br>\n"; } foreach ($arr as $value) { echo "Value: $value<br />\n"; } ?>

<?php $arr = array("one", "two", "three"); reset($arr); while (list($key, $value) = each($arr)) { echo "Key: $key; Value: $value<br />\n"; } foreach ($arr as $key => $value) { echo "Key: $key; Value: $value<br />\n"; } ?>

<?php $array = [ [1, 2], [3, 4], ]; foreach ($array as list($a, $b)) { // $a contains the first element of the nested array, // and $b contains the second element. echo "A: $a; B: $b\n"; } ?>

A: 1; B: 2 A: 3; B: 4

<?php $i = 0; while (++$i) { switch ($i) { case 5: echo "At 5<br />\n"; break 1; /* 只退出 switch. */ case 10: echo "At 10; quitting<br />\n"; break 2; /* 退出 switch 和 while 循环 */ default: break; } } ?>

<?php for( $i = 0; $i < 3; ++ $i ) { echo ' [', $i, '] '; switch( $i ) { case 0: echo 'zero'; break; case 1: echo 'one' ; XXXX; case 2: echo 'two' ; break; } echo ' <' , $i, '> '; } ?> For XXXX I filled in - continue 1//[0] zero <0> [1] one <1> [2] two <2> - continue 2//[0] zero <0> [1] one [2] two <2> - break 1//[0] zero <0> [1] one <1> [2] two <2> - break 2//[0] zero <0> [1] one

<?php $a = 0; if(++$a == 3) echo 3; elseif(++$a == 2) echo 2; elseif(++$a == 1) echo 1; else echo "No match!"; // Outputs: 2 $a = 0; switch(++$a) { case 3: echo 3; break; case 2: echo 2; break; case 1: echo 1; break; default: echo "No match!"; break; } // Outputs: 1 ?>

declare (directive) statement

<?php // these are the same: // you can use this: declare(ticks=1) { // entire script here } // or you can use this: declare(ticks=1); // entire script here ?>

<?php declare(ticks=1); // A function called on each tick event function tick_handler() { echo "tick_handler() called\n"; } register_tick_function('tick_handler'); $a = 1; if ($a > 0) { $a += 2; print($a); } /* tick_handler() called tick_handler() called tick_handler() called 3tick_handler() called */ ?>

<?php function tick_handler() { echo "tick_handler() called\n"; } $a = 1; tick_handler(); if ($a > 0) { $a += 2; tick_handler(); print($a); tick_handler(); } tick_handler(); ?>

<?php declare(encoding='ISO-8859-1'); // code here ?>

file.php <?php $a = ['aa']; ?> php.php <?php return ['aa']; ?> <?php if (false) { require 'file'; require('file.php'); } //include 'file';//Warning var_export(include('file.php'));echo "\r\n"; if (true) { echo require 'file.php', "\r\n"; var_dump(@include 'file');echo "\r\n"; var_dump(require 'php.php');echo "\r\n"; var_dump((include('php.php')) == ['aa']);echo "\r\n";//注意括号，等同(include 'php.php') == ['aa'] var_dump(include('php.php') == ['aa']);echo "\r\n";//等同于include(('php.php') == ['aa']) require 'file'; } echo 'End'; /* 1 1 bool(false) array(1) { [0]=> string(2) "aa" } bool(true) PHP Warning: include(): Filename cannot be empty in D:\php\test\test.php on line 13 Warning: include(): Filename cannot be empty in D:\php\test\test.php on line 13 PHP Warning: include(): Failed opening '' for inclusion (include_path='.;C:\php\pear') in D:\php\test\test.php on line 13 Warning: include(): Failed opening '' for inclusion (include_path='.;C:\php\pear') in D:\php\test\test.php on line 13 bool(false) PHP Warning: require(file): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in D:\php\test\test.php on line 14 Warning: require(file): failed to open stream: No such file or directory in D:\php\test\test.php on line 14 PHP Fatal error: require(): Failed opening required 'file' (include_path='.;C:\php\pear') in D:\php\test\test.php on line 14 Fatal error: require(): Failed opening required 'file' (include_path='.;C:\php\pear') in D:\php\test\test.php on line 14 */ ?>

<?php $string = get_include_contents('somefile.php'); function get_include_contents($filename) { if (is_file($filename)) { ob_start(); include $filename; $contents = ob_get_contents(); ob_end_clean(); return $contents; } return false; } ?>

<?php var_dump(include_once 'file.php'); // int(1) var_dump(include_once 'file.php'); // bool(true) ?>

<?php for($i=0,$j=50; $i<100; $i++) { while($j--) { if($j==17) goto end; } } echo "i = $i"; end: echo 'j hit 17'; ?>

//j hit 17

<?php goto loop; for($i=0,$j=50; $i<100; $i++) { while($j--) { loop: } } echo "$i = $i"; ?>

Fatal error: 'goto' into loop or switch statement is disallowed in script on line 2

Remember if you are not a fan of wild labels hanging around you are free to use braces in this construct creating a slightly cleaner look. Labels also are always executed and do not need to be called to have their associated code block ran. A purposeless example is below. <?php $headers = Array('subject', 'bcc', 'to', 'cc', 'date', 'sender'); $position = 0; hIterator: { $c = 0; echo $headers[$position] . PHP_EOL; cIterator: { echo ' ' . $headers[$position][$c] . PHP_EOL; if(!isset($headers[$position][++$c])) { goto cIteratorExit; } goto cIterator; } cIteratorExit: { if(isset($headers[++$position])) { goto hIterator; } } } ?>

<?php $makefoo = true; /* 不能在此处调用foo()函数， 因为它还不存在，但可以调用bar()函数。*/ bar(); if ($makefoo) { function foo() { echo "I don't exist until program execution reaches me.\n"; } } /* 现在可以安全调用函数 foo()了， 因为 $makefoo 值为真 */ if ($makefoo) foo(); function bar() { echo "I exist immediately upon program start.\n"; } ?>

<?php function foo() { function bar() { echo "I don't exist until foo() is called.\n"; } } /* 现在还不能调用bar()函数，因为它还不存在 */ foo(); /* 现在可以调用bar()函数了，因为foo()函数 的执行使得bar()函数变为已定义的函数 */ bar(); ?>

<?php function test(boolean $param) {} test(true); ?>

Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: Argument 1 passed to test() must be an instance of boolean, boolean given, called in - on line 1 and defined in -:1

<?php function sum(...$numbers) { $acc = 0; foreach ($numbers as $n) { $acc += $n; } return $acc; } echo sum(1, 2, 3, 4);//10 ?>

<?php function add($a, $b) { return $a + $b; } echo add(...[1, 2])."\n";//3 $a = [1, 2]; echo add(...$a);//3 ?>

<?php function total_intervals($unit, DateInterval ...$intervals) { $time = 0; foreach ($intervals as $interval) { $time += $interval->$unit; } return $time; } $a = new DateInterval('P1D'); $b = new DateInterval('P2D'); echo total_intervals('d', $a, $b).' days';//3 days // This will fail, since null isn't a DateInterval object. echo total_intervals('d', null); //Catchable fatal error: Argument 2 passed to total_intervals() must be an instance of DateInterval, null given, called in - on line 14 and defined in - on line 2 ?>

<?php function sum() { $acc = 0; foreach (func_get_args() as $n) { $acc += $n; } return $acc; } echo sum(1, 2, 3, 4);//10 ?>

<?php function square($num) { $sum = $num * $num; } function square2($num) { $sum = $num * $num; return; } var_dump(square(4)); // NULL var_dump(square2(4)); // NULL ?>

<?php function &returns_reference() { return $someref; } $newref =& returns_reference(); ?>

<?php class Foo { static $variable = 'static property'; static function Variable() { echo 'Method Variable called'; } } echo Foo::$variable; // This prints 'static property'. It does need a $variable in this scope. $variable = "Variable"; Foo::$variable(); // This calls $foo->Variable() reading $variable in this scope. ?>

<?php class Foo { static function bar() { echo "bar\n"; } function baz() { echo "baz\n"; } } $func = array("Foo", "bar"); $func(); // prints "bar" $func = array(new Foo, "baz"); $func(); // prints "baz" $func = "Foo::bar"; $func(); // prints "bar" as of PHP 7.0.0; prior, it raised a fatal error ?>

<?php $message = 'hello'; // 没有 "use" $example = function () { var_dump($message); }; echo $example(); //Notice: Undefined variable: message in /example.php on line 6 //NULL // 继承 $message $example = function () use ($message) { var_dump($message); }; echo $example();//string(5) "hello" $message = 'world'; echo $example();//string(5) "hello" // Reset message $message = 'hello'; $example = function () use (&$message) { var_dump($message); }; echo $example();//string(5) "hello" $message = 'world'; echo $example();//string(5) "world" // Closures can also accept regular arguments $example = function ($arg) use ($message) { var_dump($arg . ' ' . $message); }; $example("hello");//string(11) "hello world" ?>

<?php class Test { public function testing() { return function() { var_dump($this); }; } public function testing2() { return static function() { var_dump($this); }; } } $object = new Test; $function = $object->testing(); $function(); $object->testing2()(); ?>

object(Test)#1 (0) { } PHP Notice: Undefined variable: this in D:\php\test\test.php on line 13 Notice: Undefined variable: this in D:\php\test\test.php on line 13 NULL

PHP Notice: Undefined variable: this in D:\php\test\test.php on line 7 Notice: Undefined variable: this in D:\php\test\test.php on line 7 NULL PHP Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_FUNCTION, expecting T_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM in D:\php\test\test.php on line 12 Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_FUNCTION, expecting T_PAAMAYIM_NEKUDOTAYIM in D:\php\test\test.php on line 12