Is it necessary to introduce parent class in PHP inheritance?

王林
Release: 2023-02-25 10:34:01
Original
2339 people have browsed it

Is it necessary to introduce parent class in PHP inheritance?

PHP中类与继承

在php中,类型的继承使用extends关键字,而且最多只能继承一个父类,php不支持多继承。

class MyClass { public $dat = 0; public function __construct($dat) { $this->dat = $dat; } public function getDat() { return "$this->dat\n"; } } class MySubClass extends MyClass { public function getDat() { return "dat: $this->dat\n"; } } $a = new MyClass(3); $b = new MySubClass(4); echo $a->getDat(); // 3 echo $b->getDat(); // dat: 4
Copy after login

方法覆盖

包括构造函数在内,子类可以重新定义同名的类方法以覆盖父类方法。覆盖时遵循以下规则:

1.除构造函数之外,其他函数在覆盖时,函数的参数列表必须相同

2.包括构造函数在内,方法被覆盖后,调用子类方法时并不会自动调用父类方法

3.如果父类要禁止方法被子类覆盖,可以使用final来声明方法,这时如果子类仍要覆盖父类方法,将会出错

class MyClass { private $name = ""; public $num = 0; public $str = ""; public function __construct($name) { $this->name = $name; $this->num = 100; $this->str = "none"; } public function getName() { return $this->name; } } class MySubClass extends MyClass { public function __construct($name, $str) { parent::__construct($name); // 调用父类方法 $this->num = "0"; $this->str = $str; echo parent::getName()."\n"; // 调用父类方法 } public function getName() { return parent::getName()."$this->str\n"; // 调用父类方法 } } $b = new MySubClass("myName", true); // myName echo $b->getName(); // myName1 class MyClass { final public function getName() { } }
Copy after login

属性重定义

class MyClass { public $a = 1; protected $b = 2; private $c = 3; public function f1() { echo "MyClass f1\n"; echo "\$a:$this->a; \$b:$this->b; \$c:$this->c;\n"; } protected function f2() { echo "MyClass f2\n"; echo "\$a:$this->a; \$b:$this->b; \$c:$this->c;\n"; } private function f3() { echo "MyClass f3\n"; } } class MySubClass extends MyClass { public $b = 22; public $c = 33; public function f1() { echo "MySubClass f1\n"; // 继承到父类中的$a属性,直接使用 echo "\$a:$this->a; \$b:$this->b; \$c:$this->c;\n"; // 调用父类中的同名方法 parent::f1(); // 继承到父类中的f2()方法,直接使用 $this->f2(); } // 父类的f3()是私有的,这里的定义与父类无关 public function f3() { echo "MySubClass f3\n"; } } $b = new MySubClass; $b->f1();echo "\n"; /* MySubClass f1 $a:1; $b:22; $c:33; MyClass f1 $a:1; $b:22; $c:3; MyClass f2 $a:1; $b:22; $c:3; */ $b->f3();echo "\n"; /* MySubClass f3 */
Copy after login

重定义父类(同名)属性时,属性的可访问性可以变得更开放,但不能更严格,也就是说,父类中的public属性,不能在子类中修改为private属性。

如果通过子类对象调用父类方法,那么该父类方法在访问属性时,对于重定义了的同名属性,public和protected的属性将访问到子类版本,private属性将访问到父类版本。也可以理解为,public和protected属性可以被重定义(父类的版本被重定义,从而不存在了),而private并未被重定义(父类中的属性仍然存在,通过父类方法进行访问,与子类中是否有同名属性毫不相干)。

final关键字

声明为final的方法不能被子类覆盖,如果类声明为final,则此类不能被继承。

// 声明为final的类不能被继承 final class MyClass { private $dat; public function __construct($dat) { $this->dat = $dat; } // final方法不能被覆盖,不过此类已经是final类,方法无必要在声明为final了 final public function getDat() { return $this->dat; } }
Copy after login

推荐教程:PHP视频教程

The above is the detailed content of Is it necessary to introduce parent class in PHP inheritance?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Related labels:
source:php.cn
Statement of this Website
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Latest Downloads
More>
Web Effects
Website Source Code
Website Materials
Front End Template
About us Disclaimer Sitemap
php.cn:Public welfare online PHP training,Help PHP learners grow quickly!