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MySQL数据库手动安装方法与中文解决方案_MySQL

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Release: 2016-06-01 14:00:13
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花了1天,在Debian Etch Linux上成功安装了MySQL 5.0.27 icc版本,并使用JDBC测试中文成功!

中文问题的关键是全部使用UTF-8编码,MySQL 5发布版支持UTF-8,但默认为latin1,Java在内部使用的全部是Unicode,因此要保证JSP页面以UTF-8编码,JDBC驱动采用官方Connector4J 5.0.4,在Resin 3.1/Spring 2.0/Hibernate 3.2环境下测试中文正常。

◆1. 下载"mysql-standard-5.0.27-linux-i686-icc-glibc23.tar.gz",推荐ICC版本,据称比GCC性能提高10-20%

◆2. 复制到/usr/local/,解压:tar zxvf mysql-standard-5.x....tar.gz

◆3. 添加用户和组mysql:

groupadd mysql

useradd -g mysql mysql

◆4. 创建符号连接:/usr/local # ln -s mysql-standard-5.x...

◆5. cd mysql,当前目录改为/usr/local/mysql/

◆6. 运行脚步初始化数据库:./scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysqle

◆7. 设置权限:

/usr/local/mysql # chown -R root .

/usr/local/mysql # chown -R mysql data

/usr/local/mysql # chgrp -R mysql

◆8. 根据需要创建并修改/etc/my.cnf,参考配置:

[mysqld]

# 设置默认为INNODB表,支持事务:

default-storage-engine=INNODB

# 设置默认的字符集UTF-8:

character-set-server=utf8

collation-server=utf8_general_ci

default-character-set=utf8

# 禁用bdb:

skip-bdb

◆9. 启动MySQL:

/usr/local/mysql/bin # ./mysqld_safe --user=mysql &

◆10. 初始化root口令:

/usr/local/mysql/bin # ./mysqladmin -u root -p password "password-of-root"

Enter password:

◆11. 以root登录创建数据库:

/usr/local/mysql # ./mysql -u root -p

Enter password: password-of-root

◆12. 创建一个新用户:

mysql> create user test identified by 'test-password';

◆13. 创建一个新数据库:

mysql> create database testdb default character set utf8 default collate utf8_general_ci;

务必指定字符集和排序方式,均为UTF-8,这样才能保证创建的表也使用UTF-8。

◆14. 赋予test用户从localhost访问testdb的权限,并使用口令:

mysql> grant all on testdb.* to test@localhost identified by 'test-password';

注意:要使用JDBC从远程连接MySQL,就必须正确设置test用户权限,MySQL的访问权限由用户名,客户端机器名和口令共同组成,上例表示仅允许test用户在本机(localhost)通过口令连接MySQL。

◆15. 停止MySQL服务器:

/usr/local/mysql/bin # ./mysqladmin -u root -p shutdown

Enter password: password-of-root

STOPPING server from pid file /usr/local/mysql/data/debian.pid

xxx mysqld ended

中文秘籍:eUD中国教程在线

/etc/my.cnf中所有与编码相关的设置均要设定为UTF-8,参考步骤8。

按以下步骤调试:

mysql> status;

注意characterset相关值,必须保证全部为utf8,否则,修改/etc/my.cnf,参考步骤8。

mysql> show variables like '%char%';

除了character_set_filesystem显示为binary外,其余应该全部显示为utf8,若非utf8,修改/etc/my.cnf,参考步骤8。

mysql> show variables like '%collation%';

显示应该全部为utf8_general_ci,否则,修改/etc/my.cnf,参考步骤8。

mysqlshow -u root -p -i database-name

作用:显示数据库详细信息,如果你没有看到utf8_general_ci,而是latin_swedish_ci,说明数据库编码非UTF-8,中文肯定不正常,删之,然后参考步骤13以UTF-8重新创建数据库

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