Cara menggunakan psutil untuk mendapatkan maklumat sistem dalam Python

$ pip install psutil

>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.cpu_count() # CPU逻辑数量
4
>>> psutil.cpu_count(logical=False) # CPU物理核心
2
# 2说明是双核超线程, 4则是4核非超线程

>>> psutil.cpu_times()
scputimes(user=10963.31, nice=0.0, system=5138.67, idle=356102.45)

>>> for x in range(10):
...     print(psutil.cpu_percent(interval=1, percpu=True))
... 
[14.0, 4.0, 4.0, 4.0]
[12.0, 3.0, 4.0, 3.0]
[8.0, 4.0, 3.0, 4.0]
[12.0, 3.0, 3.0, 3.0]
[18.8, 5.1, 5.9, 5.0]
[10.9, 5.0, 4.0, 3.0]
[12.0, 5.0, 4.0, 5.0]
[15.0, 5.0, 4.0, 4.0]
[19.0, 5.0, 5.0, 4.0]
[9.0, 3.0, 2.0, 3.0]

>>> psutil.virtual_memory()
svmem(total=8589934592, available=2866520064, percent=66.6, used=7201386496, free=216178688, active=3342192640, inactive=2650341376, wired=1208852480)
>>> psutil.swap_memory()
sswap(total=1073741824, used=150732800, free=923009024, percent=14.0, sin=10705981440, sout=40353792)

>>> psutil.disk_partitions() # 磁盘分区信息
[sdiskpart(device='/dev/disk1', mountpoint='/', fstype='hfs', opts='rw,local,rootfs,dovolfs,journaled,multilabel')]
>>> psutil.disk_usage('/') # 磁盘使用情况
sdiskusage(total=998982549504, used=390880133120, free=607840272384, percent=39.1)
>>> psutil.disk_io_counters() # 磁盘IO
sdiskio(read_count=988513, write_count=274457, read_bytes=14856830464, write_bytes=17509420032, read_time=2228966, write_time=1618405)

>>> psutil.net_io_counters() # 获取网络读写字节／包的个数
snetio(bytes_sent=3885744870, bytes_recv=10357676702, packets_sent=10613069, packets_recv=10423357, errin=0, errout=0, dropin=0, dropout=0)
>>> psutil.net_if_addrs() # 获取网络接口信息
{
  &#39;lo0&#39;: [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address=&#39;127.0.0.1&#39;, netmask=&#39;255.0.0.0&#39;), ...],
  &#39;en1&#39;: [snic(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address=&#39;10.0.1.80&#39;, netmask=&#39;255.255.255.0&#39;), ...],
  &#39;en0&#39;: [...],
  &#39;en2&#39;: [...],
  &#39;bridge0&#39;: [...]
}
>>> psutil.net_if_stats() # 获取网络接口状态
{
  &#39;lo0&#39;: snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=16384),
  &#39;en0&#39;: snicstats(isup=True, duplex=<NicDuplex.NIC_DUPLEX_UNKNOWN: 0>, speed=0, mtu=1500),
  &#39;en1&#39;: snicstats(...),
  &#39;en2&#39;: snicstats(...),
  &#39;bridge0&#39;: snicstats(...)
}

>>> psutil.net_connections()
Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
PermissionError: [Errno 1] Operation not permitted

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
  ...
psutil.AccessDenied: psutil.AccessDenied (pid=3847)

$ sudo python3
Password: ******
Python 3.8 ... on darwin
Type "help", ... for more information.
>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.net_connections()
[
    sconn(fd=83, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 30>, type=1, laddr=addr(ip=&#39;::127.0.0.1&#39;, port=62911), raddr=addr(ip=&#39;::127.0.0.1&#39;, port=3306), status=&#39;ESTABLISHED&#39;, pid=3725),
    sconn(fd=84, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 30>, type=1, laddr=addr(ip=&#39;::127.0.0.1&#39;, port=62905), raddr=addr(ip=&#39;::127.0.0.1&#39;, port=3306), status=&#39;ESTABLISHED&#39;, pid=3725),
    sconn(fd=93, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 30>, type=1, laddr=addr(ip=&#39;::&#39;, port=8080), raddr=(), status=&#39;LISTEN&#39;, pid=3725),
    sconn(fd=103, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 30>, type=1, laddr=addr(ip=&#39;::127.0.0.1&#39;, port=62918), raddr=addr(ip=&#39;::127.0.0.1&#39;, port=3306), status=&#39;ESTABLISHED&#39;, pid=3725),
    sconn(fd=105, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 30>, type=1, ..., pid=3725),
    sconn(fd=106, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 30>, type=1, ..., pid=3725),
    sconn(fd=107, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 30>, type=1, ..., pid=3725),
    ...
    sconn(fd=27, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=2, ..., pid=1)
]

>>> psutil.pids() # 所有进程ID
[3865, 3864, 3863, 3856, 3855, 3853, 3776, ..., 45, 44, 1, 0]
>>> p = psutil.Process(3776) # 获取指定进程ID=3776，其实就是当前Python交互环境
>>> p.name() # 进程名称
'python3.6'
>>> p.exe() # 进程exe路径
'/Users/michael/anaconda3/bin/python3.6'
>>> p.cwd() # 进程工作目录
'/Users/michael'
>>> p.cmdline() # 进程启动的命令行
['python3']
>>> p.ppid() # 父进程ID
3765
>>> p.parent() # 父进程
<psutil.Process(pid=3765, name=&#39;bash&#39;) at 4503144040>
>>> p.children() # 子进程列表
[]
>>> p.status() # 进程状态
&#39;running&#39;
>>> p.username() # 进程用户名
&#39;michael&#39;
>>> p.create_time() # 进程创建时间
1511052731.120333
>>> p.terminal() # 进程终端
&#39;/dev/ttys002&#39;
>>> p.cpu_times() # 进程使用的CPU时间
pcputimes(user=0.081150144, system=0.053269812, children_user=0.0, children_system=0.0)
>>> p.memory_info() # 进程使用的内存
pmem(rss=8310784, vms=2481725440, pfaults=3207, pageins=18)
>>> p.open_files() # 进程打开的文件
[]
>>> p.connections() # 进程相关网络连接
[]
>>> p.num_threads() # 进程的线程数量
1
>>> p.threads() # 所有线程信息
[pthread(id=1, user_time=0.090318, system_time=0.062736)]
>>> p.environ() # 进程环境变量
{&#39;SHELL&#39;: &#39;/bin/bash&#39;, &#39;PATH&#39;: &#39;/usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:...&#39;, &#39;PWD&#39;: &#39;/Users/michael&#39;, &#39;LANG&#39;: &#39;zh_CN.UTF-8&#39;, ...}
>>> p.terminate() # 结束进程
Terminated: 15 <-- 自己把自己结束了

$ sudo python3
Password: ******
Python 3.6.3 ... on darwin
Type "help", ... for more information.
>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.test()
USER         PID %MEM     VSZ     RSS TTY           START    TIME  COMMAND
root           0 24.0 74270628 2016380 ?             Nov18   40:51  kernel_task
root           1  0.1 2494140    9484 ?             Nov18   01:39  launchd
root          44  0.4 2519872   36404 ?             Nov18   02:02  UserEventAgent
root          45    ? 2474032    1516 ?             Nov18   00:14  syslogd
root          47  0.1 2504768    8912 ?             Nov18   00:03  kextd
root          48  0.1 2505544    4720 ?             Nov18   00:19  fseventsd
_appleeven    52  0.1 2499748    5024 ?             Nov18   00:00  appleeventsd
root          53  0.1 2500592    6132 ?             Nov18   00:02  configd
...