比较express与koa中间件模式的区别与联系

var connect = require('connect');
var http = require('http');

var app = connect();

// gzip/deflate outgoing responses
var compression = require('compression');
app.use(compression());

// store session state in browser cookie
var cookieSession = require('cookie-session');
app.use(cookieSession({
 keys: ['secret1', 'secret2']
}));

// parse urlencoded request bodies into req.body
var bodyParser = require('body-parser');
app.use(bodyParser.urlencoded({extended: false}));

// respond to all requests
app.use(function(req, res){
 res.end('Hello from Connect!\n');
});

//create node.js http server and listen on port
http.createServer(app).listen(3000);

app.use('/foo', function fooMiddleware(req, res, next) {
 // req.url starts with "/foo"
 next();
});
app.use('/bar', function barMiddleware(req, res, next) {
 // req.url starts with "/bar"
 next();
});

const Koa = require('koa');
const app = new Koa();

// x-response-time

app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
 const start = Date.now();
 await next();
 const ms = Date.now() - start;
 ctx.set('X-Response-Time', `${ms}ms`);
});

// logger

app.use(async (ctx, next) => {
 const start = Date.now();
 await next();
 const ms = Date.now() - start;
 console.log(`${ctx.method} ${ctx.url} - ${ms}`);
});

// response

app.use(async ctx => {
 ctx.body = 'Hello World';
});

app.listen(3000);

// 中间件索引
var index = 0
function next(err) {


 // 递增
 var layer = stack[index++];

 // 交由其他部分处理
 if (!layer) {
  defer(done, err);
  return;
 }

 // route data
 var path = parseUrl(req).pathname || '/';
 var route = layer.route;

 // 递归
 // skip this layer if the route doesn't match
 if (path.toLowerCase().substr(0, route.length) !== route.toLowerCase()) {
  return next(err);
 }

 // call the layer handle
 call(layer.handle, route, err, req, res, next);
 }

function compose (middleware) {
 return function (context, next) {
 // last called middleware #
 let index = -1
 return dispatch(0)
 function dispatch (i) {
  index = i
  try {
  return Promise.resolve(fn(context, function next () {
   return dispatch(i + 1)
  }))
  } catch (err) {
  return Promise.reject(err)
  }
 }
 }
}

function compose (middleware) {

 return function (context, next) {
 // last called middleware #
 let index = -1
 return dispatch(0)
 function dispatch (i) {
  index = i
  let fn = middleware[i]
  if (i === middleware.length) {
  fn = next
  }
  if (!fn) return
  return fn(context, function next () {
  return dispatch(i + 1)
  })
 }
 }
}

var ms = [
 function foo (ctx, next) {
 console.log('foo1')
 next()
 console.log('foo2')
 },
 function bar (ctx, next) {
 console.log('bar1')
 next()
 console.log('bar2')
 },
 function qux (ctx, next) {
 console.log('qux1')
 next()
 console.log('qux2')
 }
]

compose(ms)()