MySQL中join用法解析

实例数据库如下：
student表：

mysql> select * from student;
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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sc表：

mysql> select * from sc;
+-----------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+------+-------+
| 201215121 |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 |    1 |    78 |
+-----------+------+-------+6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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LEFT JOIN（左连接）

这里写图片描述
sql语句如下：

select * from student left join sc on student.Sno=sc.Sno;

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运行结果如下：

+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Sno       | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    | 201215128 |    1 |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+

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在此例中left join 是以student表中的记录为基础，student表可以看成左表，sc表可以看成右表，左表中的记录会完全显示出来，加上匹配到的右表，如果左边没有匹配到，则其余部分显示为null。

USING字句

using字句和on字句，类似，但结果略有不同。
例如：

mysql> select student.Sno,Sname,Grade from student left join sc on student.Sno=sc.Sno;
+-----------+-----------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+-------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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以上等价于

select Sno,Sname,Grade from student left join sc using(Sno);
+-----------+-----------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+-------+

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不同的地方，例如：

select * from student left join sc on student.Sno=sc.Sno;
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Sno       | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    | 201215128 |    1 |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+

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select * from student left join sc using (sno);
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    |    1 |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+

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重复的Sno列，如果用on字句会被输出两次

RIGHT JOIN（右连接）

同LEFT JOIN，只不过以右表为基础，例如：

 select * from student right join sc using (sno);
+-----------+------+-------+--------+------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Cno  | Grade | Sname  | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----------+------+-------+--------+------+------+-------+
| 201215121 |    1 |    92 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    |
| 201215121 |    2 |    85 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    |
| 201215121 |    3 |    88 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    |
| 201215122 |    2 |    90 | 刘晨   | 女   |   19 | CS    |
| 201215122 |    3 |    80 | 刘晨   | 女   |   19 | CS    |
| 201215128 |    1 |    78 | 陈冬   | 男   |   18 | IS    |
+-----------+------+-------+--------+------+------+-------+

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INNER JOIN（相等连接或内连接）

这里写图片描述

不会显示以谁为基础，只会显示符合条件的记录

 select * from student inner join sc on student.Sno=sc.Sno;
+-----------+--------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname  | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Sno       | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+--------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨   | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨   | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬   | 男   |   18 | IS    | 201215128 |    1 |    78 |
+-----------+--------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+

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以上语句等同于：

select * from student,sc where student.Sno=sc.Sno;
+-----------+--------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname  | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Sno       | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+--------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨   | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨   | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬   | 男   |   18 | IS    | 201215128 |    1 |    78 |
+-----------+--------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+

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扩展

如果只想从A表中取出一些记录，但不包含B表

这里写图片描述

可以在left join 后面加上一个where语句

select * from student left join sc using(Sno) where sc.Sno is null;
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+

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求差集

这里写图片描述

可以结合union字句，由于本例中，右侧的已经全部对应的所以显示结果，和上一个一致。

select * from student left join sc using(Sno) where student.Sno is null union 
select * from student left join sc using(Sno) where sc.Sno is null;
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+

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FULL JOIN

这里写图片描述

 select * from student left join sc on student.Sno=sc.Sno union  select * from student right join sc on student.Sno=sc.Sno;
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Sno       | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    | 201215128 |    1 |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+

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注：A left join B 等同于 B right join A

mysql> select * from student left join sc using(Sno);
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    |    1 |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from sc right join student using(Sno);
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    |    1 |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+

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MySQL中join用法解析

实例数据库如下：
student表：

mysql> select * from student;
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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sc表：

mysql> select * from sc;
+-----------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+------+-------+
| 201215121 |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 |    1 |    78 |
+-----------+------+-------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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LEFT JOIN（左连接）

这里写图片描述
sql语句如下：

select * from student left join sc on student.Sno=sc.Sno;

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运行结果如下：

+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Sno       | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    | 201215128 |    1 |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+

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USING字句

using字句和on字句，类似，但结果略有不同。
例如：

mysql> select student.Sno,Sname,Grade from student left join sc on student.Sno=sc.Sno;
+-----------+-----------+-------+| Sno       | Sname     | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+-------+| 201215121 | 李勇      |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      |  NULL || 201215126 | 张成民    |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+-------+9 rows in set (0.00 sec)

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以上等价于

select Sno,Sname,Grade from student left join sc using(Sno);
+-----------+-----------+-------+| Sno       | Sname     | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+-------+| 201215121 | 李勇      |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      |  NULL || 201215126 | 张成民    |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+-------+

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不同的地方，例如：

select * from student left join sc on student.Sno=sc.Sno;
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Sno       | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    | 201215128 |    1 |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+

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select * from student left join sc using (sno);
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    |    1 |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+

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重复的Sno列，如果用on字句会被输出两次

RIGHT JOIN（右连接）

同LEFT JOIN，只不过以右表为基础，例如：

 select * from student right join sc using (sno);
+-----------+------+-------+--------+------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Cno  | Grade | Sname  | Ssex | Sage | Sdept |
+-----------+------+-------+--------+------+------+-------+
| 201215121 |    1 |    92 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    |
| 201215121 |    2 |    85 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    |
| 201215121 |    3 |    88 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    |
| 201215122 |    2 |    90 | 刘晨   | 女   |   19 | CS    |
| 201215122 |    3 |    80 | 刘晨   | 女   |   19 | CS    |
| 201215128 |    1 |    78 | 陈冬   | 男   |   18 | IS    |
+-----------+------+-------+--------+------+------+-------+

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INNER JOIN（相等连接或内连接）

这里写图片描述

不会显示以谁为基础，只会显示符合条件的记录

 select * from student inner join sc on student.Sno=sc.Sno;
+-----------+--------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname  | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Sno       | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+--------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨   | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨   | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬   | 男   |   18 | IS    | 201215128 |    1 |    78 |
+-----------+--------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+

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以上语句等同于：

select * from student,sc where student.Sno=sc.Sno;
+-----------+--------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname  | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Sno       | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+--------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇   | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨   | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨   | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬   | 男   |   18 | IS    | 201215128 |    1 |    78 |
+-----------+--------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+

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扩展

如果只想从A表中取出一些记录，但不包含B表

这里写图片描述

可以在left join 后面加上一个where语句

select * from student left join sc using(Sno) where sc.Sno is null;
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+

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求差集

这里写图片描述

可以结合union字句，由于本例中，右侧的已经全部对应的所以显示结果，和上一个一致。

select * from student left join sc using(Sno) where student.Sno is null union 
select * from student left join sc using(Sno) where sc.Sno is null;
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+

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FULL JOIN

这里写图片描述

 select * from student left join sc on student.Sno=sc.Sno union  select * from student right join sc on student.Sno=sc.Sno;
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Sno       | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    | 201215121 |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    | 201215122 |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    | 201215128 |    1 |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    |      NULL | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+-----------+------+-------+

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注：A left join B 等同于 B right join A

mysql> select * from student left join sc using(Sno);
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    |    1 |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
9 rows in set (0.00 sec)mysql> select * from sc right join student using(Sno);
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| Sno       | Sname     | Ssex | Sage | Sdept | Cno  | Grade |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    1 |    92 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    2 |    85 |
| 201215121 | 李勇      | 男   |   22 | CS    |    3 |    88 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |    2 |    90 |
| 201215122 | 刘晨      | 女   |   19 | CS    |    3 |    80 |
| 201215128 | 陈冬      | 男   |   18 | IS    |    1 |    78 |
| 201215123 | 王敏      | 女   |   18 | MA    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215125 | 张立      | 男   |   19 | IS    | NULL |  NULL |
| 201215126 | 张成民    | 男   |   18 | CS    | NULL |  NULL |
+-----------+-----------+------+------+-------+------+-------+

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