Python数据库编程

>>> conn = MySQLdb.Connect(host='192.168.1.244',user='root',passwd='QHyCTajI',db='test',charset='utf8')
>>> cursor = conn.cursor()
>>> sql = "create table user(id int,name varchar(30),password varchar(30))"
>>> cursor.execute(sql)   # 返回的数字是影响的行数
0L    
>>> sql = "insert into user(id,name,password) values('1','xiaoming','123456')"
>>> cursor.execute(sql)
1L
>>> conn.commit()  # 提交事务，写入到数据库
>>> cursor.execute('show tables')  # 查看创建的表
1L
>>> cursor.fetchall()  # 返回上一个游标执行的所有结果，默认是以元组形式返回
((u'user',),)
>>> cursor.execute('select * from user')           
1L
>>> cursor.fetchall()
((1L, u'xiaoming', u'123456'),)

>>> sql = 'insert into user(id,name,password) values(%s,%s,%s)'
>>> args = [('2','zhangsan','123456'), ('3','lisi','123456'),('4','wangwu','123456')] 
>>> cursor.executemany(sql, args)
3L
>>> conn.commit()
>>> sql = 'select * from user'
>>> cursor.execute(sql)
4L
>>> cursor.fetchall()
((1L, u'xiaoming', u'123456'), (2L, u'zhangsan', u'123456'), (3L, u'lisi', u'123456'), (4L, u'wangwu', u'123456'))

>>> sql = 'delete from user where name="xiaoming"'
>>> cursor.execute(sql)                           
1L
>>> conn.commit()
>>> sql = 'select * from user'                   
>>> cursor.execute(sql)       
3L
>>> cursor.fetchall()         
((2L, u'zhangsan', u'123456'), (3L, u'lisi', u'123456'), (4L, u'wangwu', u'123456'))

>>> sql = 'select * from user' 
>>> cursor.execute(sql)         
3L
>>> cursor.fetchone()   # 获取第一条记录
(2L, u'zhangsan', u'123456')
>>> sql = 'select * from user' 
>>> cursor.execute(sql)         
3L
>>> cursor.fetchmany(2) # 获取两条记录
((2L, u'zhangsan', u'123456'), (3L, u'lisi', u'123456'))

默认显示是元组形式，要想返回字典形式，使得更易处理，就用到cursor([cursorclass])中的cusorclass参数。
传入MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor类：
>>> cursor = conn.cursor(MySQLdb.cursors.DictCursor)
>>> sql = 'select * from user'
>>> cursor.execute(sql)
3L
>>> cursor.fetchall()
({'password': u'123456', 'id': 2L, 'name': u'zhangsan'}, {'password': u'123456', 'id': 3L, 'name': u'lisi'}, {'password': u'123456', 'id': 4L, 'name': u'wangwu'})

#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
import MySQLdb
try:
    conn = MySQLdb.Connect(host='127.0.0.1', port=3306, user='root', passwd='123456', connect_timeout=3, charset='utf8')
    cursor = conn.cursor()
    sql = "select * from user"
    cursor.execute(sql)
    for i in cursor.fetchall():
        print i
except Exception, e:
    print ("Connection Error: " + str(e))
finally:
    conn.close()
     
# python test.py
(2L, u'zhangsan', u'123456')
(3L, u'lisi', u'123456')
(4L, u'wangwu', u'123456')