PHP4.1.0出版公告中英对照版1_PHP教程

PHP 4.1.0 Release Announcement PHP 4.1.0 出版公告(1) After a lengthy QA process, PHP 4.1.0 is finally out. Download at http://www.php.net/downloads.php ! PHP 4.1.0 includes several other key improvements: - A new input interface for improved security (read below) 一个新的输入界面来提高安全性 - Highly improved performance in general 极大提高了性能 - Revolutionary performance and stability improvements under Windows. The multithreaded server modules under Windows (ISAPI, Apache, etc.) perform as much as 30 times faster under load! We want to thank Brett Brewer and his team in Microsoft for working with us to improve PHP for Windows. Windows 下革命性的性能和稳定性。多线程服务器模块提供了快30倍的性能。 - Versioning support for extensions. Right now its barely being used, but the infrastructure was put in place to support separate version numbers for different extensions. The negative side effect is that loading extensions that were built against old versions of PHP will now result in a crash, instead of in a nice clear message. Make sure you only use extensions built with PHP 4.1.0. 扩展翻译支持，现在他还很少用到，但是放置了基础构造来支持某些不同版本号的扩展模块。负面影响是他和老版本的扩展模块冲突。你需要确定使用了 php4.1.0的扩展模块。 - Turn-key output compression support 支持 Turn-key 输出压缩 - *LOTS* of fixes and new functions 修正了很多地方，增加了许多函数。 As some of you may notice, this version is quite historical, as its the first time in history we actually incremented the middle digit! :) The two key reasons for this unprecedented change were the new input interface, and the broken binary compatibility of modules due to the versioning support. {没看懂！！呵呵！以后看懂了再翻译} Following is a description of the new input mechanism. For a full list of changes in PHP 4.1.0, scroll down to the end of this section. 下面是新的输入机制的描述。完整的更改列表请看后面 ----------------------------------- SECURITY: NEW INPUT MECHANISM 安全：新的输入机制 First and foremost, its important to stress that regardless of anything you may read in the following lines, PHP 4.1.0 *supports* the old input mechanisms from older versions. Old applications should go on working fine without modification! 首先，也是最重要的，必须强调对下面内容足够重视是非常重要的。php 4.1.0 支持旧的输入机制。老的应用程序仍然可以运行，不用修改。 Now that we have that behind us, lets move on :) 下面是内容 For various reasons, PHP setups which rely on register_globals being on (i.e., on form, server and environment variables becoming a part of the global namespace, automatically) are very often exploitable to various degrees. For example, the piece of code: 由于各种原因，PHP需要设置 register_globlas ON(例如在标单，服务器，环境变量自动成为全局命名空间的一部分）,他们经常被不同程度的干扰。下面是一段代码： May be exploitable, as remote users can simply pass on authenticated as a form variable, and then even if authenticate_user() returns false, $authenticated will actually be set to true. While this looks like a simple example, in reality, quite a few PHP applications ended up being exploitable by things related to this misfeature. 可以通过表单里面传送 authenticated 变量来欺骗，即使 authenticate_user()返回false,$authenticated 仍然被设置为true.这只是一个非常简单的例子，实际上，相当多的程序被类似的错误特性欺骗 While it is quite possible to write secure code in PHP, we felt that the fact that PHP makes it too easy to write insecure code was bad, and weve decided to attempt a far-reaching change, and deprecate register_globals. Obviously, because the vast majority of the PHP code in the world relies on the existence of this feature, we have no plans to actually remove it from PHP anytime in the foreseeable future, but weve decided to encourage people to shut it off whenever possible. 当然，完全可以书写安全的PHP代码，我们觉得事实上，PHP使得书写不安全代码变得非常容易是非常糟糕的事情。我们决定尝试一个 far-reaching 改变。反对 register_globals.很显然，由于多数代码依赖于这个特征，我们没有办法在将来的某个时刻真正删除它。但是我们决定鼓励人们关闭它 To help users build PHP applications with register_globals being off, weve added several new special variables that can be used instead of the old global variables. There are 7 new special arrays: 为了在关闭 register_globals 情况下帮助用户创建 PHP 应用程序，我们增加了一些新的特殊变量来代替老的全局变量使用。他们是7个新的特殊数组： $_GET - contains form variables sent through GET 包含着通过GET发来的变量 $_POST - contains form variables sent through POST 包含着通过POST发送来的变量 $_COOKIE - contains HTTP cookie variables 包含着HTTP cookie 的变量 $_SERVER - contains server variables (e.g., REMOTE_ADDR) 包含着服务器变量（如 REMOTE_ADDR) $_ENV - contains the environment variables 包含着环境变量 $_REQUEST - a merge of the GET variables, POST variables and Cookie variables. In other words - all the information that is coming from the user, and that from a security point of view, cannot be trusted. 是 GET/POST/Cookie 变量的集合，也就是说，所有的来自用户和安全表单的信息。但是从安全角度来看，不能够信任它们。 $_SESSION - contains HTTP variables registered by the session module 包含着所有session模块注册的HTTP变量 Now, other than the fact that these variables contain this special information, theyre also special in another way - theyre automatically global in any scope. This means that you can access them anywhere, without having to global them first. For example: 现在，事实上这些变量包含着特殊的信息，他们在任何环境下同样是自动的全局变量。也就是说你可以在任何地方存取他们，不需要全局化他们。例如： function example1() { print $_GET["name"]; // works, global $_GET; is not necessary! //不需要声明 $_GET 是全局变量 } would work fine! We hope that this fact would ease the pain in migrating old code to new code a bit, and were confident its going to make writing new code easier. Another neat trick is that creating new entries in the $_SESSION array will automatically register them as session variables, as if you called session_register(). This trick is limited to the session module only - for example, setting new entries in $_ENV will *not* perform an implicit putenv(). 运行的很好。我们希望这个情况可以使得旧代码移植能够容易一些，我们确信它能使书写新代码更容易。另外一个窍门是创建新的 $_SESSION 数组入口会自动注册他们为session b变量，就好像调用 session_register()一样。这个窍门仅适用于 session 模块。例如，设置新的 $_ENV 入口不会隐含执行 putenv()。 PHP 4.1.0 still defaults to have register_globals set to on. Its a transitional version, and we encourage application authors, especially public ones which are used by a wide audience, to change their applications to work in an environment where register_globals is set to off. Of course, they should take advantage of the new features supplied in PHP 4.1.0 that make this transition much easier. PHP 4.1.0 默认还是设置 register_globals 为On,她是过渡版本，我们程序做着，特别是被广泛接受的，改变他们的应用程序，使得在 register_globals 为 off 情况下也能工作。当然，他们需要使用 PHP 4.1.0 的新特征来使得转换更容易些。 As of the next semi-major version of PHP, new installations of PHP will default to having register_globals set to off. No worries! Existing installations, which already have a php.ini file that has register_globals set to on, will not be affected. Only when you install PHP on a brand new machine (typically, if youre a brand new user), will this affect you, and then too - you can turn it on if you choose to. 在下一个不完全版本力，将会魔人设置 register_globals 为off.不用担心，已经安装好的，php.ini 里面已经设置 register_globals 为on 的，不会受到影响。只有在你安装php为一个新机器时（一般是一个新用户）才会影响你，你可以选择打开它。 Note: Some of these arrays had old names, e.g. $HTTP_GET_VARS. These names still work, but we encourage users to switch to the new shorter, and auto-global versions. 注意：这些数组中的几个有老的名字，例如 $HTTP_G