Baca Kenalan Telefon dengan JavaScript

Nota pengarang: Teknologi dan proses yang diterangkan dalam artikel ini adalahpercubaan dan hanya akan berfungsi dalam beberapa pelayar. Pada masa penulisan, API Pemilih Kenalan hanya disokong oleh Android Chrome (dari versi 80) dan iOS Safari (dari versi 14.5, tetapi hanya di belakang bendera). Jika anda ingin menyemak fungsi, anda boleh menyemak demo yang sedang berjalan di tapak web saya.

Membaca entri daripada senarai kenalan pada telefon atau tablet secara tradisinya terhad kepada apl asli. Tetapi dengan API Pemilih Kenalan, kami boleh melakukannya menggunakan JavaScript.

Ciri ini boleh menjadi menarik dalam apl yang memerlukan maklumat hubungan seperti nombor telefon atau VoIP, rangkaian sosial tempat kami ingin menemui orang yang dikenali atau apl yang memerlukan mengisi maklumat borang tanpa menukar aplikasi untuk melihat data.# #

Nama
Telefon
E-mel
Alamat
Ikon

• Kod API Pemilih Kenalan mesti dijalankan dalam konteks penyemakan imbas peringkat teratas. Ia menghalang kod luaran, seperti iklan atau pemalam pihak ketiga, daripada membaca senarai kenalan pada telefon anda.
• Kod API Pemilih Kenalan hanya boleh dijalankan selepas gerak isyarat pengguna. Oleh itu, pembangun tidak boleh mengautomasikan proses sepenuhnya. Pengguna mesti bertindak untuk mencetuskan bacaan kenalan.
• Orang itu mesti membenarkan akses kepada senarai kenalan. Sekatan ini dikenakan oleh telefon dan bukan oleh JS. Pengguna mesti memberikan kebenaran pelayar untuk mengakses kenalan (jika ia belum memilikinya).

• getProperties(): mengembalikan senarai sifat yang tersedia untuk dibaca pada peranti. Dalam definisi, terdapat hanya lima: "alamat", "e-mel", "ikon" (ini mungkin bukan gambar kenalan), "nama", "tel" (telefon), tetapi peranti mungkin tidak membenarkan akses kepada semua daripada mereka.
• select(): membuka pop timbul kenalan dan mengembalikan pilihan sebaik sahaja pengguna melengkapkan tindakan. Ia memerlukan dua parameter: senarai sifat untuk dibaca dan objek pilihan dengan pilihan.

Show contact data

// only show the button if browser supports Contact Picker API if ("contacts" in navigator) { document.querySelector("button").removeAttribute("hidden"); }

// it is asynchronous because we'll wait for the modal selection async function getContactData() { // indicate what contact values will be read const props = ["tel", "name", "email"]; // wrap everything in a try...catch, just in case try { // open the native contact selector (after permission is granted) const contacts = await navigator.contacts.select(props); // this will execute after the native contact selector is closed if (contacts.length) { // if there's data, show it alert("Selected data: " + JSON.stringify(contacts)); } else { // ...if not, indicate nothing was selected alert("No selection done"); } } catch (ex) { // if something fails, show the error message alert(ex.message) } }

Once the button triggers this function, and if the browser has permissions (see screenshot in the previous section), the contact modal will show up, indicating essential information: the URL reading the data, what data it will return, and the list of contacts to pick from.

After closing the modal, thecontacts variable will store the data in JSONas an array with an object containing the information requested (it may be empty if it is not available in the contact card).

For example, this is the result after selecting myself as a contact (fake data):

[ { "address": [], "email": [ "alvarosemail@gmail.com" ], "icon": [], "name": [ "Alvaro Montoro" ], "tel": [ "555-555-5555", "555-123-4567" ] } ]

If the data includes an icon, it will be a blob with the image. If the data includes an address, it will be a more complex object with street, city, country, ZIP code, etc. You can check the returned values in the specification.

But why an array if we only selected one contact? Because there's an option to choose more than one contact!

Selecting Multiple Contacts

It is possible to select more than one contact. If we want to do that, we need to pass a second parameter to the navigator.contacts.select() method indicating this option.

const props = ["tel", "address", "icon", "name", "email"]; // only one option available: read multiple or only one (default) const options = { multiple: true }; try { const contacts = await navigator.contacts.select(props, options); // ...

The result is an array of contacts, so the rest of the code could remain the same for this example.

The code above can be intimidating, mainly because of all the comments I added. Here's a lightly commented version of the code above. As you may notice, it is pretty simple:

async function getContactData() { if ("contacts" in navigator) { const props = await navigator.contacts.getProperties(); const options = { multiple: true }; try { const contacts = await navigator.contacts.select(props, options); if (contacts.length) { // code managing the selected data } else { // code when nothing was selected } } catch (ex) { // code if there was an error } } }

You can check out a running demo on my website. Don't worry, I don't do any with the contact information beyond writing it on the screen. But review the code before if you don't trust me.

Conclusion: Privacy Over Piracy

Contact information is PII (Personally Identifiable Information), and we must treat it with all the care and security that sensitive data requires.

Apart from possible legal requirements that I am not going to go through (because I don't know them, and they change from country to country), here are some basic guidelines when dealing with sensitive data:

• Respect people's privacy. Don't force them to share information they don't want to share.
• Treat the data with care and in a safe way. Would you be comfortable if the data you are processing were yours?
• Don't store data if you don't need to. Read it, use it, forget it. Don't store data that you are not using.
• Only get the data that you need. Don't be sneaky or shady. Get just what's required to build credibility and trust.

Suppose a web app tries to read addresses, names, or emails while selecting a phone number. If that happened to me, I would automatically reject the permission and leave the website.

So, explore JavaScript and the Contact Picker API, but always remember that there's a person behind the screen and that the data they share could be risky if it falls into the wrong hands. Don't be reckless.

If you enjoyed this article about JavaScript and like to test Web APIs and different things with JS, check out this other article:

Develop a Rock Band game with HTML and JavaScript

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