Python爬取51cto資料存入MySQL方法詳解

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#實驗環境

##1.安裝Python 3.7

2.安裝requests, bs4，pymysql 模組

實驗步驟1.安裝環境及模組

可參考https://www. jb51.net/article/194104.htm

2.編寫程式碼

# 51cto 博客页面数据插入mysql数据库
# 导入模块
import re
import bs4
import pymysql
import requests

# 连接数据库账号密码
db = pymysql.connect(host='172.171.13.229',
           user='root', passwd='abc123',
           db='test', port=3306,
           charset='utf8')
# 获取游标
cursor = db.cursor()

def open_url(url):
  # 连接模拟网页访问
  headers = {
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
           'Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36'}
  res = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
  return res

# 爬取网页内容
def find_text(res):
  soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')

  # 博客名
  titles = []
  targets = soup.find_all("a", class_="tit")
  for each in targets:
    each = each.text.strip()
    if "置顶" in each:
      each = each.split(' ')[0]
    titles.append(each)

  # 阅读量
  reads = []
  read1 = soup.find_all("p", class_="read fl on")
  read2 = soup.find_all("p", class_="read fl")
  for each in read1:
    reads.append(each.text)
  for each in read2:
    reads.append(each.text)

  # 评论数
  comment = []
  targets = soup.find_all("p", class_='comment fl')
  for each in targets:
    comment.append(each.text)

  # 收藏
  collects = []
  targets = soup.find_all("p", class_='collect fl')
  for each in targets:
    collects.append(each.text)

   # 发布时间
  dates=[]
  targets = soup.find_all("a", class_='time fl')
  for each in targets:
    each = each.text.split('：')[1]
    dates.append(each)

  # 插入sql 语句
  sql = """insert into blog (blog_title,read_number,comment_number, collect, dates)
  values( '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s');"""
  # 替换页面 \xa0
  for titles, reads, comment, collects, dates in zip(titles, reads, comment, collects, dates):
    reads = re.sub('\s', '', reads)
    comment = re.sub('\s', '', comment)
    collects = re.sub('\s', '', collects)
    cursor.execute(sql % (titles, reads, comment, collects，dates))
    db.commit()
    pass

# 统计总页数
def find_depth(res):
  soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')
  depth = soup.find('li', class_='next').previous_sibling.previous_sibling.text
  return int(depth)

# 主函数
def main():
  host = "https://blog.51cto.com/13760351"
  res = open_url(host) # 打开首页链接
  depth = find_depth(res) # 获取总页数

  # 爬取其他页面信息
  for i in range(1, depth + 1):
    url = host + '/p' + str(i) # 完整链接
    res = open_url(url) # 打开其他链接
    find_text(res) # 爬取数据

  # 关闭游标
  cursor.close()
  # 关闭数据库连接
  db.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

3..MySQL建立對應的表格

CREATE TABLE `blog` (
 `row_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
 `blog_title` varchar(52) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '博客标题',
 `read_number` varchar(26) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '阅读数量',
 `comment_number` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '评论数量',
 `collect` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收藏数量',
 `dates` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '发布日期',
 PRIMARY KEY (`row_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

# 4.執行程式碼，查看效果:

#改進版：

#改進內容：

1.資料庫裡面的某有些字段只保留數字即可

2.預設爬取的內容都是字串，存放資料庫的某些字段，最好改為整型，方便後面資料庫操作

1.程式碼如下：

import re
import bs4
import pymysql
import requests

# 连接数据库
db = pymysql.connect(host='172.171.13.229',
           user='root', passwd='abc123',
           db='test', port=3306,
           charset='utf8')
# 获取游标
cursor = db.cursor()

def open_url(url):
  # 连接模拟网页访问
  headers = {
    'user-agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) '
           'Chrome/57.0.2987.98 Safari/537.36'}
  res = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
  return res

# 爬取网页内容
def find_text(res):
  soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')

  # 博客标题
  titles = []
  targets = soup.find_all("a", class_="tit")
  for each in targets:
    each = each.text.strip()
    if "置顶" in each:
      each = each.split(' ')[0]
    titles.append(each)

  # 阅读量
  reads = []
  read1 = soup.find_all("p", class_="read fl on")
  read2 = soup.find_all("p", class_="read fl")
  for each in read1:
    reads.append(each.text)
  for each in read2:
    reads.append(each.text)

  # 评论数
  comment = []
  targets = soup.find_all("p", class_='comment fl')
  for each in targets:
    comment.append(each.text)

  # 收藏
  collects = []
  targets = soup.find_all("p", class_='collect fl')
  for each in targets:
    collects.append(each.text)

  # 发布时间
  dates=[]
  targets = soup.find_all("a", class_='time fl')
  for each in targets:
    each = each.text.split('：')[1]
    dates.append(each)

  # 插入sql 语句
  sql = """insert into blogs (blog_title,read_number,comment_number, collect, dates)
  values( '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s', '%s');"""
  # 替换页面 \xa0
  for titles, reads, comment, collects, dates in zip(titles, reads, comment, collects, dates):
    reads = re.sub('\s', '', reads)
    reads=int(re.sub('\D', "", reads)) #匹配数字，转换为整型
    comment = re.sub('\s', '', comment)
    comment = int(re.sub('\D', "", comment)) #匹配数字，转换为整型
    collects = re.sub('\s', '', collects)
    collects = int(re.sub('\D', "", collects)) #匹配数字，转换为整型
    dates = re.sub('\s', '', dates)
    cursor.execute(sql % (titles, reads, comment, collects,dates))
    db.commit()
    pass

# 统计总页数
def find_depth(res):
  soup = bs4.BeautifulSoup(res.text, 'html.parser')
  depth = soup.find('li', class_='next').previous_sibling.previous_sibling.text
  return int(depth)

# 主函数
def main():
  host = "https://blog.51cto.com/13760351"
  res = open_url(host) # 打开首页链接
  depth = find_depth(res) # 获取总页数

  # 爬取其他页面信息
  for i in range(1, depth + 1):
    url = host + '/p' + str(i) # 完整链接
    res = open_url(url) # 打开其他链接
    find_text(res) # 爬取数据

  # 关闭游标
  cursor.close()
  # 关闭数据库连接
  db.close()

#主程序入口
if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()

2.建立對應表

CREATE TABLE `blogs` (
 `row_id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '主键',
 `blog_title` varchar(52) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '博客标题',
 `read_number` int(26) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '阅读数量',
 `comment_number` int(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '评论数量',
 `collect` int(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '收藏数量',
 `dates` varchar(16) DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '发布日期',
 PRIMARY KEY (`row_id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=1 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

3.運行程式碼，驗證

升級版

為了能讓小白就可以使用這個程序，可以把這個專案打包成exe格式的文件，讓其他人，使用電腦就可以運行程式碼，這樣非常方便！

1.改進程式碼：

#末尾修改为：
if __name__ == '__main__':
  main()
  print("\n\t\t所有数据已成功存放数据库！!! \n")
  time.sleep(5)

2.安裝打包模組pyinstaller(cmd安裝）

pip install pyinstaller -i https://pypi.tuna. tsinghua.edu.cn/simple/

3.Python程式碼打包

#1.切換到需要打包程式碼的路徑下面

##2.在cmd視窗執行pyinstaller -F test03.py （test03為專案名稱）

#4.查看exe套件

在打包後會出現dist目錄，打好套件就在這個目錄裡面

5.運行exe包，查看效果

檢查資料庫

相關學習推薦：

mysql教學

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