在秒殺,搶購等並發場景下,可能會出現超賣的現象,在PHP語言中並沒有原生提供並發的解決方案,因此就需要藉助其他方式來實現並發控制。
列出常見的解決方案有:
redis 事務是原子操作,可以保證訂單處理的過程中資料沒有被其它並發的進程修改。
範例程式碼:
<?php $http = new swoole_http_server("0.0.0.0", 9509); // 监听 9509 $http->set(array( 'reactor_num' => 2, //reactor thread num 'worker_num' => 4 //worker process num )); $http->on('request', function (swoole_http_request $request, swoole_http_response $response) { $uniqid = uniqid('uid-', TRUE); // 模拟唯一用户ID $redis = new Redis(); $redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379); // 连接 redis $redis->watch('rest_count'); // 监测 rest_count 是否被其它的进程更改 $rest_count = intval($redis->get("rest_count")); // 模拟唯一订单ID if ($rest_count > 0){ $value = "{$rest_count}-{$uniqid}"; // 表示当前订单,被当前用户抢到了 // do something ... 主要是模拟用户抢到单后可能要进行的一些密集运算 $rand = rand(100, 1000000); $sum = 0; for ($i = 0; $i < $rand; $i++) {$sum += $i;} // redis 事务 $redis->multi(); $redis->lPush('uniqids', $value); $redis->decr('rest_count'); $replies = $redis->exec(); // 执行以上 redis 事务 // 如果 rest_count 的值被其它的并发进程更改了,以上事务将回滚 if (!$replies) { echo "订单 {$value} 回滚" . PHP_EOL; } } $redis->unwatch(); }); $http->start();
使用ab 測試
$ ab -t 20 -c 10 http://192.168.1.104:9509/
阻塞模式下,如果進程在取得文件排他鎖時,其它進程正在佔用鎖的話,此進程會掛起等待其它進程釋放鎖後,並自行獲取到鎖後,再往下執行。
範例程式碼:
<?php $http = new swoole_http_server("0.0.0.0", 9510); $http->set(array( 'reactor_num' => 2, //reactor thread num 'worker_num' => 4 //worker process num )); $http->on('request', function (swoole_http_request $request, swoole_http_response $response) { $uniqid = uniqid('uid-', TRUE); $redis = new Redis(); $redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379); $fp = fopen("lock.txt", "w+"); // 阻塞(等待)模式, 要取得独占锁定(写入的程序) if (flock($fp,LOCK_EX)) { //锁定当前指针 // 成功取得锁后,放心处理订单 $rest_count = intval($redis->get("rest_count")); $value = "{$rest_count}-{$uniqid}"; if ($rest_count > 0) { // do something ... $rand = rand(100, 1000000); $sum = 0; for ($i = 0; $i < $rand; $i++) {$sum += $i;} $redis->lPush('uniqids', $value); $redis->decr('rest_count'); } // 订单处理完成后,再释放锁 flock($fp, LOCK_UN); } fclose($fp); }); $http->start();
使用ab 測試
$ ab -t 20 -c 10 http://192.168.1.104:9510/
非阻塞模式下,若行程在取得檔案排他鎖時,其它進程正在佔用鎖的話,此進程會馬上判斷取得鎖定失敗,並且繼續往下執行。 \
範例程式碼:
<?php $http = new swoole_http_server("0.0.0.0", 9511); $http->set(array( 'reactor_num' => 2, //reactor thread num 'worker_num' => 4 //worker process num )); $http->on('request', function (swoole_http_request $request, swoole_http_response $response) { $uniqid = uniqid('uid-', TRUE); $redis = new Redis(); $redis->connect('127.0.0.1', 6379); $fp = fopen("lock.txt", "w+"); // 非阻塞模式, 如果不希望 flock() 在锁定时堵塞,则给 lock 加上 LOCK_NB if(flock($fp,LOCK_EX | LOCK_NB)) //锁定当前指针 { // 成功取得锁后,放心处理订单 $rest_count = intval($redis->get("rest_count")); $value = "{$rest_count}-{$uniqid}"; if($rest_count > 0){ // do something ... $rand = rand(100, 1000000); $sum=0; for ($i=0;$i<$rand;$i++){ $sum+=$i; } $redis->lPush('uniqids', $value); $redis->decr('rest_count'); } // 订单处理完成后,再释放锁 flock($fp,LOCK_UN); } else { // 如果获取锁失败,马上进入这里执行 echo "{$uniqid} - 系统繁忙,请稍后再试".PHP_EOL; } fclose($fp); }); $http->start();
使用ab 測試
$ ab -t 20 -c 10 http://192.168.1.104:9511/
redis 事務方式:
...... Concurrency Level: 10 Time taken for tests: 20.005 seconds Complete requests: 17537 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 2578380 bytes HTML transferred: 0 bytes Requests per second: 876.62 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 11.407 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 1.141 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 125.86 [Kbytes/sec] received ......
檔案排他鎖(阻塞模式):
...... Concurrency Level: 10 Time taken for tests: 20.003 seconds Complete requests: 8205 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 1206282 bytes HTML transferred: 0 bytes Requests per second: 410.19 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 24.379 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 2.438 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 58.89 [Kbytes/sec] received ......
檔案排他鎖(非阻塞模式):
...... Concurrency Level: 10 Time taken for tests: 20.002 seconds Complete requests: 8616 Failed requests: 0 Total transferred: 1266846 bytes HTML transferred: 0 bytes Requests per second: 430.77 [#/sec] (mean) Time per request: 23.214 [ms] (mean) Time per request: 2.321 [ms] (mean, across all concurrent requests) Transfer rate: 61.85 [Kbytes/sec] received ......
經測試結果對比,redis 交易方式優於檔案排他鎖方式,而文件排他鎖方式中,非阻塞模式優於阻塞模式。
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