本文介紹了深入理解ES6之數據解構的用法,現在分享給大家,也給大家做個參考。
一物件解構
物件解構語法在賦值語句的左側使用了物件字面量
let node = { type: true, name: false } //既声明又赋值 let { type, name } = node; //或者先声明再赋值 let type, name ({type,name} = node); console.log(type);//true console.log(name);//false
type與name識別碼既宣告了本地變量,也讀取了物件的對應屬性值。
解構賦值表達式的值為表達式右邊的值。當解構表達式的右側的計算結果為null或undefined時,會拋出錯誤。
預設值
當你使用解構賦值語句時,如果所指定的本地變數在物件中沒有找到同名屬性,那麼變數會被賦值為undefined
let node = { type: true, name: false }, type, name, value; ({type,value,name} = node); console.log(type);//true console.log(name);//false console.log(value);//undefined
你可以選擇性地定義一個預設值,以便在指定屬性不存在時使用該值。
let node = { type: true, name: false }, type, name, value; ({ type, value = true, name } = node); console.log(type);//true console.log(name);//false console.log(value);//true
賦值給不同的本地變數名稱
let node = { type: true, name: false, value: "dd" } let { type: localType, name: localName, value: localValue = "cc" } = node; console.log(localType); console.log(localName); console.log(localValue);
type:localType這個語法表示要讀取名為type的屬性,並且把它的值儲存在變數localType上。此語法與傳統物件字面量的語法相反
嵌套的物件結構
let node = { type: "Identifier", name: "foo", loc: { start: { line: 1, column: 1 }, end: { line: 1, column: 4 } } } let { loc: localL, loc: { start: localS, end: localE } } = node; console.log(localL);// start: {line: 1,column: 1},end: {line: 1,column: 4} console.log(localS);//{line: 1,column: 1} console.log(localE);//{line: 1,column: 4}
當冒號右側存在花括號時,表示目標被嵌套在對象的更深一層中(loc: {start: localS,end: localE})
#二資料解構
陣列解構的語法看起來跟物件解構非常相似,只是將物件字面量換成了數組字面量。
let colors = ["red", "blue", "green"]; let [firstC, secondC, thirdC, thursC = "yellow"] = colors; console.log(firstC//red console.log(secondC);//blue console.log(thirdC);//green console.log(thursC);//yellow
你也可以在解構模式中忽略一些項,並且只提供一個感興趣的項變數名稱。
let colors = ["red","green","blue"]; let [,,thirdC] = colors; console.log(thirdC);//blue
thirdC之前的逗號是為數組前面的項提供的佔位符。使用這種方法,你就可以輕易從陣列任意位置取出值,而無需給其他項目提供名稱。
解構賦值
let colors = ["red","green","blue"], firstColor = "black", secondColor = "purple"; [firstColor,secondColor] = colors; console.log(firstColor);//red console.log(secondColor);//green
陣列解構有一個非常獨特的用例,能輕易的互換兩個變數的值。
let a =1,b =2; [a,b] = [b,a]; console.log(a);//2 console.log(b);//1
嵌套的解構
let colors = ["red", ["green", "blue"], "yellow"]; let [firstC, [, ssc]] = colors; console.log(ssc);//blue
剩餘項目
let colors = ["red", "green", "blue"]; let [firstC, ...restC] = colors; console.log(firstC); console.log(...restC); console.log(restC[0]);//green console.log(restC[1]);//blue
使用剩餘項目可以進行陣列複製
let colors = ["red", "green", "blue"]; let [...restC] = colors; console.log(restC);//["red", "green","blue"]
三混合解構
let node = { type: "Identifier", name: 'foo', loc: { start: { line: 1, column: 1 }, end: { line: 1, column: 4 } }, range: [0, 3] } let { type, name: localName, loc: { start: { line: ll }, end: { column: col } }, range: [, second] } = node; console.log(type);//Identifier console.log(localName);//foo console.log(ll);//1 console.log(col);//4 console.log(second);//3
上面是我整理給大家的,希望今後會對大家有幫助。
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