How to write a simple tic-tac-toe game in Python?

Window

Universal window, the realization window can be simply modified and used:

from tkinter import *
root = Tk()         #窗口名称
root.title("憨憨制作的三子棋")
f1=Frame(root)
f1.pack()
w1 = Canvas(f1, width=580,height=580,background='lightcyan')#创建一个画布，设置大小和背景颜色
w1.pack()
root.mainloop()

Draw the chessboard

#画出棋盘
for i in range(0, 4):
    w1.create_line(i * 180 + 20, 20, i * 180 + 20, 560)
    w1.create_line(20, i * 180 + 20, 560, i * 180 + 20)

Draw horizontal and vertical lines respectively, four horizontal lines and four vertical lines to generate nine grids. You can also draw two horizontal and two vertical lines, which is closer to the tic-tac-toe shape. Just draw a few less lines, for example:

for i in range(1, 3):
    w1.create_line(i * 180 + 20, 20, i * 180 + 20, 560)
    w1.create_line(20, i * 180 + 20, 560, i * 180 + 20)

num = 0       #记录点击的次数，用来决定点击后该画哪种图形
A = np.full((3, 3), 0)            #记录每个位置的图形

Algorithm

After each click, we have to draw a picture and determine whether the winning conditions are met. .

Setting function

def dawn(event):
    global w1
    global num, A
    for i in range(0, 3):
        for j in range(0, 3):
            if 20 + j * 180 < event.y and event.y <= 20 + (j+1) * 180:
                break
        if 20 + i * 180 <= event.x and event.x <= 20 + (i+1) * 180:
            break
    if num % 2 == 0 and A[i][j] == 0:
        A[i][j] = 1
        w1.create_line(110 + 180 * i - 45 * math.sqrt(2), 110 + 180 * j - 45 * math.sqrt(2),
                       110 + 180 * i + 45 * math.sqrt(2), 110 + 180 * j + 45 * math.sqrt(2))
        w1.create_line(110 + 180 * i + 45 * math.sqrt(2), 110 + 180 * j - 45 * math.sqrt(2),
                       110 + 180 * i - 45 * math.sqrt(2), 110 + 180 * j + 45 * math.sqrt(2))
        num += 1
    if num % 2 != 0 and A[i][j] == 0:
        A[i][j] = 2
        w1.create_oval(20 + 180 * i, 20 + 180 * j, 20 + 180 * (i + 1), 20 + 180 * (j + 1))
        num += 1
    if A[0][0] == A[0][1] == A[0][2] == 2 or A[1][0] == A[1][1] == A[1][2] == 2 or A[2][0] == A[2][1] == A[2][
        2] == 2 or \
            A[0][0] == A[1][0] == A[2][0] == 2 or A[0][1] == A[1][1] == A[2][1] == 2 or A[0][2] == A[1][2] == \
            A[2][
                2] == 2 or \
            A[0][0] == A[1][1] == A[2][2] == 2 or A[2][0] == A[1][1] == A[0][2] == 2:
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('消息提示', '圆圈获胜')
    elif A[0][0] == A[0][1] == A[0][2] == 1 or A[1][0] == A[1][1] == A[1][2] == 1 or A[2][0] == A[2][1] == A[2][
        2] == 1 or \
            A[0][0] == A[1][0] == A[2][0] == 1 or A[0][1] == A[1][1] == A[2][1] == 1 or A[0][2] == A[1][2] == \
            A[2][
                2] == 1 or \
            A[0][0] == A[1][1] == A[2][2] == 1 or A[2][0] == A[1][1] == A[0][2] == 1:
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('消息提示', '叉号获胜')
w1.bind("", dawn)

Let’s break it down for analysis:

The first thing is: determine the click position and get our click cell. At the beginning, I used judgment Whether it is within the inscribed circle of the square, it is found that clicking on the remaining part of the square will cause the graphics to be misaligned. Through further analysis, it is found that the clicked square can be determined by respectively locating the horizontal and vertical coordinates of the clicked position.

for i in range(0, 3):
        for j in range(0, 3):
            if 20 + j * 180 < event.y and event.y <= 20 + (j+1) * 180:
                break
        if 20 + i * 180 <= event.x and event.x <= 20 + (i+1) * 180:
            break

Next, after determining the position, we start to judge whether the current position can draw graphics and what graphics should be drawn. Drawing ❌ is more troublesome and requires complex calculations, but drawing ⚪ is relatively simple.

if num % 2 == 0 and A[i][j] == 0:            #若为偶数就画叉号
        A[i][j] = 1
        w1.create_line(110 + 180 * i - 45 * math.sqrt(2), 110 + 180 * j - 45 * math.sqrt(2),
                       110 + 180 * i + 45 * math.sqrt(2), 110 + 180 * j + 45 * math.sqrt(2))
        w1.create_line(110 + 180 * i + 45 * math.sqrt(2), 110 + 180 * j - 45 * math.sqrt(2),
                       110 + 180 * i - 45 * math.sqrt(2), 110 + 180 * j + 45 * math.sqrt(2))
        num += 1
    if num % 2 != 0 and A[i][j] == 0:        #若为奇数就画圆圈
        A[i][j] = 2
        w1.create_oval(20 + 180 * i, 20 + 180 * j, 20 + 180 * (i + 1), 20 + 180 * (j + 1))
        num += 1

After drawing, we have to judge whether the winning conditions are met. I didn’t think of a simple method here, but fortunately there are only a handful of winning situations, only eight (horizontal 3, vertical 3, two diagonal Direction) So eight situations are listed to judge whether the winning conditions are met, and both graphics need to be listed.

if A[0][0] == A[0][1] == A[0][2] == 2 or A[1][0] == A[1][1] == A[1][2] == 2 or A[2][0] == A[2][1] == A[2][
        2] == 2 or \
            A[0][0] == A[1][0] == A[2][0] == 2 or A[0][1] == A[1][1] == A[2][1] == 2 or A[0][2] == A[1][2] == \
            A[2][
                2] == 2 or \
            A[0][0] == A[1][1] == A[2][2] == 2 or A[2][0] == A[1][1] == A[0][2] == 2:
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('消息提示', '圆圈获胜')
    elif A[0][0] == A[0][1] == A[0][2] == 1 or A[1][0] == A[1][1] == A[1][2] == 1 or A[2][0] == A[2][1] == A[2][
        2] == 1 or \
            A[0][0] == A[1][0] == A[2][0] == 1 or A[0][1] == A[1][1] == A[2][1] == 1 or A[0][2] == A[1][2] == \
            A[2][
                2] == 1 or \
            A[0][0] == A[1][1] == A[2][2] == 1 or A[2][0] == A[1][1] == A[0][2] == 1:
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('消息提示', '叉号获胜')

Finally set the acquisition of click time and the setting of exit button.

w1.bind("", dawn)
def quit():
    root.quit()
button1 = Button(root, text="退出", font=('楷体', 20), command=quit)
button1.pack()

Every code of the game has been explained here.

Attached is the complete code:

from tkinter import *
import numpy as np
import math
import tkinter.messagebox
root = Tk()         #窗口名称
root.title("憨憨制作的三子棋")
f1=Frame(root)
f1.pack()
w1 = Canvas(f1, width=580,height=580,background='lightcyan')
w1.pack()


#棋盘
for i in range(0, 4):
    w1.create_line(i * 180 + 20, 20, i * 180 + 20, 560)
    w1.create_line(20, i * 180 + 20, 560, i * 180 + 20)
num = 0
A = np.full((3, 3), 0)

def dawn(event):
    global w1
    global num, A
    for i in range(0, 3):
        for j in range(0, 3):
            if 20 + j * 180 < event.y and event.y <= 20 + (j+1) * 180:
                break
        if 20 + i * 180 <= event.x and event.x <= 20 + (i+1) * 180:
            break
    if num % 2 == 0 and A[i][j] == 0:
        A[i][j] = 1
        w1.create_line(110 + 180 * i - 45 * math.sqrt(2), 110 + 180 * j - 45 * math.sqrt(2),
                       110 + 180 * i + 45 * math.sqrt(2), 110 + 180 * j + 45 * math.sqrt(2))
        w1.create_line(110 + 180 * i + 45 * math.sqrt(2), 110 + 180 * j - 45 * math.sqrt(2),
                       110 + 180 * i - 45 * math.sqrt(2), 110 + 180 * j + 45 * math.sqrt(2))
        num += 1
    if num % 2 != 0 and A[i][j] == 0:
        A[i][j] = 2
        w1.create_oval(20 + 180 * i, 20 + 180 * j, 20 + 180 * (i + 1), 20 + 180 * (j + 1))
        num += 1
    if A[0][0] == A[0][1] == A[0][2] == 2 or A[1][0] == A[1][1] == A[1][2] == 2 or A[2][0] == A[2][1] == A[2][
        2] == 2 or \
            A[0][0] == A[1][0] == A[2][0] == 2 or A[0][1] == A[1][1] == A[2][1] == 2 or A[0][2] == A[1][2] == \
            A[2][
                2] == 2 or \
            A[0][0] == A[1][1] == A[2][2] == 2 or A[2][0] == A[1][1] == A[0][2] == 2:
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('消息提示', '圆圈获胜')
    elif A[0][0] == A[0][1] == A[0][2] == 1 or A[1][0] == A[1][1] == A[1][2] == 1 or A[2][0] == A[2][1] == A[2][
        2] == 1 or \
            A[0][0] == A[1][0] == A[2][0] == 1 or A[0][1] == A[1][1] == A[2][1] == 1 or A[0][2] == A[1][2] == \
            A[2][
                2] == 1 or \
            A[0][0] == A[1][1] == A[2][2] == 1 or A[2][0] == A[1][1] == A[0][2] == 1:
        tkinter.messagebox.showinfo('消息提示', '叉号获胜')
w1.bind("", dawn)
def quit():
    root.quit()
button1 = Button(root, text="退出", font=('楷体', 20), command=quit)
button1.pack()
root.mainloop()

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