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How to use python format string

高洛峰
高洛峰 Original
2017-03-21 09:39:24 1711browse

1. Introduction to the formatting character function

Application scenarios: Generally, placeholders are provided whenprint; twoformats are provided inpythonString formattingmethod: The first is the ancient method of using the percent sign, and the second is the enhanced format string,formatfunction.

2. The ancient percent sign method

1. Common usage

Common placeholder: %s ------------- String placeholder

     %d -------------Number placeholder

       %f --------------------- -Floating pointNumber placeholder

For example: enter the user's information and print it out

name= raw_input('input your name: ') age= raw_input ('input your age: ') job = raw_input ('input your job: ') msg=''' #定义变量msg,字符串中提供占位符 Information of user %s: ------------------------------- Name: %s Age: %s #特别注意这里,像age这种通过raw_input方式定义的变量,python默认都为字符串,因此这里不用%d,而是用%s #如果非要用%d的话,那么可以在定义age的时候用函数转换 age= int(raw_input ('input your age: ')) Job: %s --------------End-------------- '''%(name,name,age,job) #把3个用户定义的变量依次赋给msg字符串中的各个占位符,实现替换,注意4个要按顺序一一对应 print msg 结果: Information of user Mr.Mangood: ------------------------------- Name: Mr.Mangood Age: 27 Job: Engineer --------------End--------------

2. More advanced usage

Account Bit structure:%[(name)][flags][width].[precision]typecode

where:

(name)key

[flags]  

key

>>> info = '''联系人%(name)s的年龄是%(age)d'''%{'name':'Mr.Mangood','age':23} # 这里可以用字典{'name':'Mr.Mangood','age':23}来对占位符传值 >>> print info 联系人Mr.Mangood的年龄是23

When setting the width, for example, 20 characters are set, but when we pass the value, we only write 4 characters. At this time, the concept of alignment appears. Generally, we will use [width] to say

 +                                                                          Right-justify

[width]

  Optional, define the placeholder width

>>> info = '''联系人%(name)20s的年龄是%(age)d'''%{'name':'Mr.Mangood','age':23} # 这里的20就是宽度[width],不写[flags]默认右对齐 >>> print info 联系人 Mr.Mangood的年龄是23 >>> info = '''联系人%(name)+20s的年龄是%(age)d'''%{'name':'Mr.Mangood','age':25} # 这里的+20就是右对齐 >>> print info 联系人 Mr.Mangood的年龄是25 >>> info = '''联系人%(name)-20s的年龄是%(age)d'''%{'name':'Mr.Mangood','age':23} # 这里的-20就是代表左对齐 >>> print info 联系人Mr.Mangood 的年龄是23

.precision

  The number of digits to retain after the decimal point

>>> info = '''学生%(name)s的年龄是%(age)d平均成绩为%(avgscore).2f'''%{'name':'Mr.Mangood','age':25,'avgscore':85.2479} #这里的.2就代表%f这个浮点型占位符保留两位小数 >>> print info 学生Mr.Mangood的年龄是25平均成绩为85.25

typecode

 Required

c  %c will convert the incoming

integerdigit into its unicode corresponding value

  o  Convert the integer to octal representation

   x                                                            CEree in hexadecimal

>>> s = '''测试ASCII码转换%c测试八进制转换%o测试16进制转换%x'''%(65,9,15) >>> print s 测试ASCII码转换A测试八进制转换11测试16进制转换f
e Convert integers and floating-point numbers into scientific notation (e in scientific notation is a lowercase e)

E Convert integers and floating-point numbers into scientific notation (scientific notation) The E in is a capital E)

>>> test = '''测试科学技术法%e测试科学技术法%E'''%(98888888,98888888) >>> print test 测试科学技术法9.888889e+07测试科学技术法9.888889E+07

g      Automatically identify whether the number size needs to be converted into scientific notation (if it exceeds 6 digits, use scientific notation to express it), scientific The e in the notation method is lowercase

##   G                                  Automatically identify whether the size of the number needs to be converted into scientific notation (if it exceeds 6 digits, use scientific notation to express it), scientific notation The G in is uppercase

>>> test = '''测试科学技术法%e测试科学技术法%g'''%(123456,123456) >>> print test 测试科学技术法1.234560e+05测试科学技术法123456
 %   When the formatting mark appears in the string, you need to use %% to represent a %

>>> zhenli = '''%s是%d%%纯爷们'''%('Mr.Mangood',100) >>> print zhenli Mr.Mangood是100%纯爷们

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