Let’s talk about mysql parameter settings

1. The Importance of MySQL Parameter Settings

MySQL is a widely used open source relational database management system that is used in many Web applications. Setting appropriate parameters to optimize database performance is one of the keys to ensuring high performance. MySQL supports a large number of configuration options and parameters, which can be fine-tuned according to different application scenarios to obtain the best performance.

2. MySQL parameter classification

MySQL parameters can be divided into two types: global parameters and session parameters. Global parameters apply to the entire MySQL instance, while session parameters only take effect for a specific session or connection. , the relationship between them is shown in the figure below:

3. How to view MySQL parameters

You can use the following two methods to view MySQL parameters:

1. Use the following command to view the current value setting of MySQL:

SHOW GLOBAL VARIABLES;

2. Use the following command to view the default value of each parameter:

SHOW VARIABLES;

4. MySQL parameter setting

The following are some practical suggestions for MySQL parameter setting:

1. Connection related parameters:

max_connections：最大连接数量。默认为151，可以根据需要进行修改。在高并发情况下，应适当增加这个值。
wait_timeout：如果一个连接在设定的时间内没有活动，它就会被关闭。默认为10分钟，可以适当调低。

2. Memory-related parameters:

key_buffer：调整键缓存大小。在MyISAM存储引擎中使用，它的大小决定了MySQL能够将多少索引块完整地保存在内存中。
innodb_buffer_pool_size：InnoDB存储引擎缓存池的大小，这个值的大小对性能优化至关重要。应尽量将其设置为大内存可用空间的1/4到1/2之间。

3. Query optimization related parameters:

query_cache_size：查询结果缓存的大小。适当调整可以加快查询速度，在高并发情况下适当增加。
join_buffer_size：调整连接缓存的大小，可以适当调大，提高查询效率。
max_allowed_packet：一个数据包的最大大小，设置它的目的是为了防止数据包过大而导致系统I/O开销过大。

4. How to modify MySQL parameters

can be configured in MySQL Modify the parameters directly in the file my.cnf, as shown below:

[mysqld]
max_connections=500
wait_timeout=60
key_buffer=512M
innodb_buffer_pool_size=2G
query_cache_size=64M
join_buffer_size=2M
max_allowed_packet=32M

The above are some parameter settings, and the specific settings are adjusted according to the actual scenario. After modifying the parameters, you need to restart the MySQL instance to take effect.

In short, MySQL parameter settings are crucial to improving database performance. If your application scenario changes, you must adjust the parameters according to the actual situation to ensure that MySQL runs at full speed.

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