Introduction to Linux
The Linux kernel was originally written by Finnish Linus Torvalds as a personal hobby when he was a student at the University of Helsinki.
Linux is a free-to-use and freely disseminated Unix-like operating system. It is a multi-user, multi-task, multi-thread and multi-CPU operating system based on POSIX and UNIX.
Linux can run major UNIX tool software, applications and network protocols. It supports 32-bit and 64-bit hardware. Linux inherits the network-centric design philosophy of Unix and is a multi-user network operating system with stable performance.
Linux distribution
To put it simply, the Linux distribution is to package the Linux kernel and application software.
The well-known distributions currently on the market include: Ubuntu, RedHat, CentOS, Debain, Fedora, SuSE, OpenSUSE, TurboLinux, BluePoint, RedFlag, Xterm, SlackWare, etc.
Linux application field
Today, various Linux distributions are used in various situations, from embedded devices to supercomputers, and have established a position in the server field, usually used by servers. LAMP (Linux + Apache + MySQL + PHP) or LNMP (Linux + Nginx + MySQL + PHP) combination.
Currently Linux is not only used in homes and businesses, but is also very popular in governments.
The Brazilian federal government is world-famous for its support of Linux.
There are news reports that the Russian military’s own Linux distribution has been produced as the G.H.ost project.
Kerala Federation of India There are plans to promote the use of Linux to high schools across the federation.
In order to achieve technological independence, the People's Republic of China exclusively uses Linux in the Loongson process.
has developed its own Linux distributions in some regions of Spain and is widely used in the government and education fields, such as gnuLinEx in the Extremadura region and Guadalinex in the Andalusia region.
Portugal also uses its own Linux distribution, Caixa Mágica, for Magalh?es laptops and e-escola government software.
France and Germany have also begun to gradually adopt Linux.
Linux vs Window
Currently, domestic Linux is more commonly used on servers, while desktop operating systems mostly use Window. The main differences are as follows:
| Comparison | Windows | Linux |
|---|---|---|
| Interface | Uniform interface, shell Program Fixed All Windows program menus are almost the same, and the shortcut keys are also almost the same | The graphical interface style varies depending on the release version, and may be incompatible with each other. The GNU/Linux terminal is inherited from UNIX, and the basic commands and operation methods are almost the same. |
| Driver | The driver is rich and the version is updated frequently. The default installation program generally contains hardware drivers that were popular when the version was released. New hardware drivers released later depend on the hardware manufacturers. For some old hardware, it is sometimes difficult to support it without the original driver. In addition, sometimes the hardware manufacturer does not provide the required version of the driver under Windows, which can also be a headache. | Developed by volunteers and released by the Linux core development team. Many hardware manufacturers do not provide drivers due to copyright considerations. Although most do not require manual installation, the installation is relatively complicated, making new users face the problem of drivers. The question (whether it exists and how to install it) will lead to no solution. However, under the open source development model, it is easy to find drivers for many old hardware that are difficult to support under Windows. Hardware manufacturers such as HP, Intel, and AMD are gradually supporting open source drivers to varying degrees, and the problem is being alleviated. |
| Usage | It is relatively simple to use and easy to get started. The graphical interface is very beneficial for users without computer background knowledge. | The graphical interface is simple to use and easy to get started. The text interface requires learning to master. |
| Learning | The system structure is complex, changes frequently, and knowledge and skills become obsolete quickly, making in-depth learning difficult. | The system structure is simple and stable, and knowledge and skills are well inherited, making in-depth learning relatively easy. |
| Software | Each specific function may require support from commercial software and requires the purchase of corresponding licenses. | Most software can be obtained freely, and there are fewer software options with the same functions. |
