本文主要介绍了使用 nvm 管理不同版本的 node 与 npm的方法，小编觉得挺不错的，现在分享给大家，也给大家做个参考。一起跟随小编过来看看吧，希望能帮助到大家。
补充说明：Mac 下通过 brew install nvm 所安装的 nvm ，由于安装路径不同，无法正确启用。建议使用 brew uninstall nvm 卸载掉之后，通过本文的方案重新安装一次。
最近 NodeJS 的版本更新速度有点 Chrome 的迹象，4.0 版本没发布多久，又推出了 5.0 。升级 NodeJS 之后可以很方便的开始使用一些 ES6 的语言特性，但又会导致团队内部的mz-fis 框架无法更新，因为它暂时只支持 v0.12 版本。于是团队开始试用管理 node 版本的工具 nvm，试用后发现 Mac 下很好用，推荐大家尽快用起来。
nvm 是 Mac 下的 node 管理工具，有点类似管理 Ruby 的 rvm，如果是需要管理 Windows 下的 node，官方推荐是使用 nvmw 或nvm-windows 。
以下具体说下 Mac 系统中的安装与使用细节（Windows 系统仅供类比参考）。
一、卸载已安装到全局的 node/npm
如果之前是在官网下载的 node 安装包，运行后会自动安装在全局目录，其中
node 命令在 /usr/local/bin/node ，npm 命令在全局 node_modules 目录中，具体路径为 /usr/local/lib/node_modules/npm
安装 nvm 之后最好先删除下已安装的 node 和全局 node 模块：
npm ls -g --depth=0 #查看已经安装在全局的模块，以便删除这些全局模块后再按照不同的 node 版本重新进行全局安装
sudo rm -rf /usr/local/lib/node_modules #删除全局 node_modules 目录
sudo rm /usr/local/bin/node #删除 node
cd /usr/local/bin && ls -l | grep "../lib/node_modules/" | awk '{print $9}'| xargs rm #删除全局 node 模块注册的软链二、安装 nvm
curl -o- https://raw.githubusercontent.com/creationix/nvm/v0.29.0/install.sh | bash
安装完成后请重新打开终端环境，Mac 下推荐使用oh-my-zsh 代替默认的 bash shell。
三、安装切换各版本 node/npm
nvm install stable #安装最新稳定版 node，现在是 5.0.0 nvm install 4.2.2 #安装 4.2.2 版本 nvm install 0.12.7 #安装 0.12.7 版本 # 特别说明：以下模块安装仅供演示说明，并非必须安装模块 nvm use 0 #切换至 0.12.7 版本 npm install -g mz-fis #安装 mz-fis 模块至全局目录，安装完成的路径是 /Users/<你的用户名>/.nvm/versions/node/v0.12.7/lib/mz-fis nvm use 4 #切换至 4.2.2 版本 npm install -g react-native-cli #安装 react-native-cli 模块至全局目录，安装完成的路径是 /Users/<你的用户名>/.nvm/versions/node/v4.2.2/lib/react-native-cli nvm alias default 0.12.7 #设置默认 node 版本为 0.12.7
四、使用 .nvmrc 文件配置项目所使用的 node 版本
如果你的默认 node 版本（通过 nvm alias 命令设置的）与项目所需的版本不同，则可在项目根目录或其任意父级目录中创建 .nvmrc 文件，在文件中指定使用的 node 版本号，例如：
cd <项目根目录> #进入项目根目录 echo 4 > .nvmrc #添加 .nvmrc 文件 nvm use #无需指定版本号，会自动使用 .nvmrc 文件中配置的版本 node -v #查看 node 是否切换为对应版本
五、nvm 与 n 的区别
node 版本管理工具还有一个是 TJ 大神的 n 命令，n 命令是作为一个 node 的模块而存在，而 nvm 是一个独立于 node/npm 的外部 shell 脚本，因此 n 命令相比 nvm 更加局限。
由于 npm 安装的模块路径均为 /usr/local/lib/node_modules ，当使用 n 切换不同的 node 版本时，实际上会共用全局的 node/npm 目录。 因此不能很好的满足『按不同 node 版本使用不同全局 node 模块』的需求。
因此建议各位尽早开始使用 nvm ，以免出现全局模块无法更新的问题。
当然，如果你用的是 windows 操作系统，我只能说 …… 朋友，能不能早点换个 Mac ，做一个有品位的程序猿呢：P
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简单谈谈node.js 版本控制 nvm和 n_node.js
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