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JavaScript中的prototype.bind()方法介绍_基础知识

WBOY
WBOYOriginal
2016-05-16 16:53:201108browse

以前,你可能会直接设置self=this或者that=this等等,这样做当然也能起作用,但是使用Function.prototype.bind()会更好,看上去也更专业。
下面举个简单的例子:

复制代码 代码如下:

var myObj = {
    specialFunction: function () {
    },
    anotherSpecialFunction: function () {
    },
    getAsyncData: function (cb) {
        cb();
    },
    render: function () {
        var that = this;
        this.getAsyncData(function () {
            that.specialFunction();
            that.anotherSpecialFunction();
        });
    }
};
myObj.render();

在这个例子中,为了保持myObj上下文,设置了一个变量that=this,这样是可行的,但是没有使用Function.prototype.bind()看着更整洁:
复制代码 代码如下:

render: function () {
    this.getAsyncData(function () {
        this.specialFunction();
        this.anotherSpecialFunction();
    }.bind(this));
}

在调用.bind()时,它会简单的创建一个新的函数,然后把this传给这个函数。实现.bind()的代码大概是这样的:

复制代码 代码如下:
Function.prototype.bind = function (scope) {
    var fn = this;
    return function () {
        return fn.apply(scope);
    };
}

 

下面在看一个简单的使用Function.prototype.bind()的例子:

复制代码 代码如下:

var foo = {
    x: 3
};

var bar = function(){
    console.log(this.x);
};

bar(); // undefined

var boundFunc = bar.bind(foo);

boundFunc(); // 3

 

是不是很好用呢!不过遗憾的是IE8及以下的IE浏览器并不支持Function.prototype.bind()。支持的浏览器有Chrome 7+,Firefox 4.0+,IE 9+,Opera 11.60+,Safari 5.1.4+。虽然IE 8/7/6等浏览器不支持,但是Mozilla开发组为老版本的IE浏览器写了一个功能类似的函数,代码如下:

复制代码 代码如下:

if (!Function.prototype.bind) {
  Function.prototype.bind = function (oThis) {
    if (typeof this !== "function") {
      // closest thing possible to the ECMAScript 5 internal IsCallable function
      throw new TypeError("Function.prototype.bind - what is trying to be bound is not callable");
    }

    var aArgs = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments, 1),
        fToBind = this,
        fNOP = function () {},
        fBound = function () {
          return fToBind.apply(this instanceof fNOP && oThis
                                 ? this
                                 : oThis,
                               aArgs.concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments)));
        };

    fNOP.prototype = this.prototype;
    fBound.prototype = new fNOP();

    return fBound;
  };
}

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