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Servlet 生命周期的4个阶段
1、通过调用“init()”方法进行初始化;
init 方法被设计成只调用一次。它在第一次创建 Servlet 时被调用,在后续每次用户请求时不再调用。
@Override public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException { this.config = config; this.init(); }
2、调用“service()”方法来处理客户端的请求;
service() 方法是执行实际任务的主要方法。Servlet 容器(即 Web 服务器)调用 service() 方法来处理来自客户端(浏览器)的请求,并把格式化的响应写回给客户端。
protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException { String method = req.getMethod(); if (method.equals(METHOD_GET)) { long lastModified = getLastModified(req); if (lastModified == -1) { // servlet doesn't support if-modified-since, no reason // to go through further expensive logic doGet(req, resp); } else { long ifModifiedSince; try { ifModifiedSince = req.getDateHeader(HEADER_IFMODSINCE); } catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) { // Invalid date header - proceed as if none was set ifModifiedSince = -1; } if (ifModifiedSince < (lastModified / 1000 * 1000)) { // If the servlet mod time is later, call doGet() // Round down to the nearest second for a proper compare // A ifModifiedSince of -1 will always be less maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified); doGet(req, resp); } else { resp.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_MODIFIED); } } } else if (method.equals(METHOD_HEAD)) { long lastModified = getLastModified(req); maybeSetLastModified(resp, lastModified); doHead(req, resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_POST)) { doPost(req, resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_PUT)) { doPut(req, resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_DELETE)) { doDelete(req, resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_OPTIONS)) { doOptions(req,resp); } else if (method.equals(METHOD_TRACE)) { doTrace(req,resp); } else { // // Note that this means NO servlet supports whatever // method was requested, anywhere on this server. // String errMsg = lStrings.getString("http.method_not_implemented"); Object[] errArgs = new Object[1]; errArgs[0] = method; errMsg = MessageFormat.format(errMsg, errArgs); resp.sendError(HttpServletResponse.SC_NOT_IMPLEMENTED, errMsg); } }
3、通过调用“destroy()”方法终止;
destroy() 方法只会被调用一次,在 Servlet 生命周期结束时被调用。destroy() 方法可以让您的 Servlet 关闭数据库连接、停止后台线程、把 Cookie 列表或点击计数器写入到磁盘,并执行其他类似的清理活动。
@Override public void destroy() { // NOOP by default }
5、由JVM的垃圾回收器进行垃圾回收的。
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