What are the differences between C language and C++?

C language and C are two widely used programming languages, and there are many differences between them. This article will conduct a comparative analysis in terms of syntax, features, application scope, etc., and demonstrate the differences between them through specific code examples.

First, let’s take a look at the grammatical differences between C language and C.

1. Object-oriented programming:
   C is a language that supports object-oriented programming (OOP), while C language is a procedural programming language. In C, we can define concepts such as classes, objects, inheritance, polymorphism, etc., but there are no such features in the C language.

// C example
#include <iostream>

class Circle {
private:
    double radius;

public:
    Circle(double r) {
        radius = r;
    }

    double getArea() {
        return 3.14159 * radius * radius;
    }
};

int main() {
    Circle c(5);
    std::cout << "Area of ​​the circle: " << c.getArea() << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

2. Namespace:
   C introduces the concept of namespace to avoid naming conflicts, but there is no concept of namespace in C language.

// C example
#include <iostream>

namespace Math {
    int add(int a, int b) {
        return a b;
    }
}

int main() {
    std::cout << Math::add(3, 5) << std::endl;
    return 0;
}

3. Exception handling:
   C supports exception handling mechanism, you can use try-catch block to handle exceptions, but there is no such mechanism in C language.

// C example
#include <iostream>

int division(int a, int b) {
    if (b == 0) {
        throw "Division by zero!";
    }
    return a / b;
}

int main() {
    try {
        std::cout << division(10, 0) << std::endl;
    } catch (const char* msg) {
        std::cerr << "Error: " << msg << std::endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

In addition to the differences in syntax, there are also some differences between C language and C in terms of application scope and programming style.

1. Application scope:
   C language is usually used in system programming, embedded development and other fields, while C is more suitable for large-scale software development, graphical interface programs and other complex application.
2. Programming style:
   C language pays more attention to procedural programming. The program structure is clear and concise, suitable for some scenarios that require efficient performance; while C supports object-oriented programming and is more flexible. Suitable for the development of complex systems.

In general, there are obvious differences between C language and C in terms of syntax, features, application scope, etc. When choosing which language to use, developers need to make the right choice based on project needs and personal preferences.

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