How Nginx implements access control configuration based on IP address

How Nginx implements access control configuration based on IP address requires specific code examples

Nginx is a high-performance web server software currently widely used. In addition to In addition to being used as a web server, it can also be used as a reverse proxy server, load balancer, etc. In web server applications, security is a very important consideration. Nginx provides a variety of ways to implement IP address-based access control configuration, which can help administrators effectively control access to website resources.

1. IP address variables in Nginx configuration

In the Nginx configuration file, some variables are used to represent the client’s IP address. The most commonly used one is the $remote_addr variable, which represents the client's IP address.

2. Simple IP address filtering configuration

1. Allow specific IP addresses to access

   location / { allow 192.168.1.100; deny all; }

   The above configuration means that only the IP address 192.168.1.100 is allowed When a client accesses this location block, clients with other IP addresses will be denied. Deny all means denying access to all other IP addresses.

2. Deny access to specific IP addresses

   location / { deny 192.168.1.200; allow all; }

   The above configuration means that the client with the IP address 192.168.1.200 is not allowed to access the location block, and clients with other IP addresses will allowed. Among them, allow all means allowing access from all other IP addresses.

3. Multiple IP address filtering configuration

1. Allow multiple specific IP addresses to access

   location / { allow 192.168.1.100; allow 192.168.1.200; deny all; }

   The above configuration means only Clients with IP addresses 192.168.1.100 and 192.168.1.200 are allowed to access the location block. Clients with other IP addresses will be denied. Deny all means denying access to all other IP addresses.

2. Deny access to multiple specific IP addresses

   location / { deny 192.168.1.100; deny 192.168.1.200; allow all; }

   The above configuration means that clients with IP addresses 192.168.1.100 and 192.168.1.200 are not allowed to access the location block. Others IP address clients will be allowed. Among them, allow all means allowing access from all other IP addresses.

4. Filtering configuration using IP address segments

Nginx also supports using IP address segments for access control configuration. The specific configuration is as follows:

geo $whitelist { default 0; 192.168.1.0/24 1; } location / { if ($whitelist) { allow all; } deny all; }

In the above configuration, the geo directive defines a variable named $whitelist. The value of this variable is set to 1 or 0 depending on whether the client's IP address is within the 192.168.1.0/24 network segment. Then use the if statement to determine whether access to the location block is allowed. If the value of $whitelist is 1, all client access is allowed; otherwise, all access is denied.

In summary, Nginx provides a variety of ways to implement IP address-based access control configuration. By properly setting the Nginx configuration file, administrators can flexibly control access to website resources based on actual needs and improve website security.

Reference: https://docs.nginx.com/nginx/admin-guide/security-controls/controlling-access-by-client-ip/

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