C++ 查询给定范围内偶数或奇数的概率

WBOY 转载: 2023-09-13 14:21:07 952浏览

C++ 查询给定范围内偶数或奇数的概率

求给定范围内数字奇偶性的概率，即是偶数还是奇数。对于每个查询，我们需要打印 p 和 q，例如用 p / q 表示概率。

Input : N = 5, arr[] = { 6, 5, 2, 1, 7 }
query 1: 0 2 2
query 2: 1 2 5
query 3: 0 1 4

Output : 0
3 4
1 2

在这个问题中，我们将维护两个数组，分别包含奇数和偶数的数量，直到该索引。这简化了我们的问题，现在我们需要打印它们的数量以及该范围内存在的元素的数量。

解决方案的方法

在这个方法中，我们维护两个数组。它们包含直到第i个索引找到的偶数和奇数的数量，并且像前缀和问题一样解决这个问题。

示例

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
void solve(int arr[], int n, int Q,int query[][3]){
    int even[n + 1]; // our array for counting the number of evens find till ith index
    int odd[n + 1]; // our array for counting the number of odds find till ith index
    even[0] = 0; odd[0] = 0; // as we are doing 1 based indexing so we just set 0th index of both arrays to 0
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (arr[i] & 1) { // if we found odd number we increment odd
            odd[i + 1] = odd[i] + 1;
            even[i + 1] = even[i];
        }
        else { // else we increment even
            even[i + 1] = even[i] + 1;
            odd[i + 1] = odd[i];
        }
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < Q; i++) { // traversing the queries
        int r = query[i][2]; // right range
        int l = query[i][1]; // left range
        int k = query[i][0]; // type of query
        int q = r - l + 1; // number of elements in the given range
        int p;
        if (k) // k is the type of query and we are finding the
            //number of elements with same parity in the given range
            p = odd[r] - odd[l - 1];
        else
            p = even[r] - even[l - 1];
        if (!p) // if p is zero we simply print 0
            cout << "0\n";
        else if (p == q) // if p == q we print 1
            cout << "1\n";
        else {
            int g = __gcd(p, q);
            cout << p / g << " " << q / g << "\n"; // as p and shouldn't have a common gcd so we divide the gcd
        }
    }
}
int main(){
    int arr[] = { 6, 5, 2, 1, 7 }; // given array
    int n = sizeof(arr) / sizeof(int); // size of our array
    int Q = 2; // number of our queries
    int query[Q][3] = {{ 0, 2, 2 },{ 1, 2, 5 }}; // given queries
    solve(arr, n, Q, query);
    return 0;
}