我最近与我的一位客户合作，她在她的工作领域担任专业顾问。她问我是否可以实施一个问答系统，确切地说是一个常见问题解答页面。我说，“当然，我们可以创建一个页面，然后用不同的样式粘贴问题和答案”，但她说她会创建不同的页面并对问题和答案进行分类，为了更有条理，她需要一个不同的方法。
为此，我将向您展示如何使用自定义帖子类型、分类法和短代码，通过几行简单的代码来处理她的请求。
建立常见问题解答系统需要什么？
让我们首先创建自定义帖子类型。
当然，我们首先会为常见问题解答项目设置自定义帖子类型。我们将在 register_post_type() 函数的帮助下创建一个新的自定义帖子类型，但是如果您想要一个用于创建帖子类型的 GUI，您可以使用GenerateWP 的帖子类型生成器工具生成它，就像我在这个例子：
<?php
if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_cpt' ) ) {
// register custom post type
function tuts_faq_cpt() {
// these are the labels in the admin interface, edit them as you like
$labels = array(
'name' => _x( 'FAQs', 'Post Type General Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'FAQ', 'Post Type Singular Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'menu_name' => __( 'FAQ', 'tuts_faq' ),
'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent Item:', 'tuts_faq' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All Items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'view_item' => __( 'View Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New FAQ Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_new' => __( 'Add New', 'tuts_faq' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'update_item' => __( 'Update Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'not_found' => __( 'Not found', 'tuts_faq' ),
'not_found_in_trash' => __( 'Not found in Trash', 'tuts_faq' ),
);
$args = array(
// use the labels above
'labels' => $labels,
// we'll only need the title, the Visual editor and the excerpt fields for our post type
'supports' => array( 'title', 'editor', 'excerpt', ),
// we're going to create this taxonomy in the next section, but we need to link our post type to it now
'taxonomies' => array( 'tuts_faq_tax' ),
// make it public so we can see it in the admin panel and show it in the front-end
'public' => true,
// show the menu item under the Pages item
'menu_position' => 20,
// show archives, if you don't need the shortcode
'has_archive' => true,
);
register_post_type( 'tuts_faq', $args );
}
// hook into the 'init' action
add_action( 'init', 'tuts_faq_cpt', 0 );
}
?>
提示：如果您的项目将涉及更多自定义帖子类型，这些类型可能比这个简单的常见问题解答帖子类型更复杂，我可以推荐一个名为 SuperCPT 的酷工具，它允许您创建新帖子类型具有更简单的代码。我也写了一篇关于SuperCPT的教程，你可以在这里查看。
为了区分不同类型的问题（例如我的客户关于流产和产后抑郁症的问题和答案），我们需要一个类别系统。正如你们许多人已经知道的那样，WordPress 通过自定义分类法提供了此功能。
这里的基本函数是 register_taxonomy() 但同样，如果您需要图形界面，您可以使用GenerateWP 的分类生成器工具。
代码如下：
<?php
if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_tax' ) ) {
// register custom taxonomy
function tuts_faq_tax() {
// again, labels for the admin panel
$labels = array(
'name' => _x( 'FAQ Categories', 'Taxonomy General Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'FAQ Category', 'Taxonomy Singular Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'menu_name' => __( 'FAQ Categories', 'tuts_faq' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All FAQ Cats', 'tuts_faq' ),
'parent_item' => __( 'Parent FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent FAQ Cat:', 'tuts_faq' ),
'new_item_name' => __( 'New FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'update_item' => __( 'Update FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'separate_items_with_commas' => __( 'Separate items with commas', 'tuts_faq' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_or_remove_items' => __( 'Add or remove items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'choose_from_most_used' => __( 'Choose from the most used items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'not_found' => __( 'Not Found', 'tuts_faq' ),
);
$args = array(
// use the labels above
'labels' => $labels,
// taxonomy should be hierarchial so we can display it like a category section
'hierarchical' => true,
// again, make the taxonomy public (like the post type)
'public' => true,
);
// the contents of the array below specifies which post types should the taxonomy be linked to
register_taxonomy( 'tuts_faq_tax', array( 'tuts_faq' ), $args );
}
// hook into the 'init' action
add_action( 'init', 'tuts_faq_tax', 0 );
}
?>
就是这样！现在您有了一个常见问题解答帖子类型，其中的分类法称为“常见问题解答类别”，相互链接！检查您的管理面板，您将在“常见问题解答”下看到“常见问题解答类别”菜单项。
就像常规帖子类别一样，您可以在“常见问题解答类别”页面中添加、编辑或删除它们，也可以在编写新的常见问题解答项目时添加新类别。
[faq] 简码有趣的部分来了：构建短代码。 （如果您读过我之前的帖子，您就会知道我是 WordPress 短代码的忠实粉丝。）我们基本上会将常见问题解答项目嵌入到帖子和页面中。
接下来会发生什么：
让我们开始构建短代码。与上面的代码一样，我将添加一些有用的注释：
<?php
if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_shortcode' ) ) {
function tuts_faq_shortcode( $atts ) {
extract( shortcode_atts(
array(
// category slug attribute - defaults to blank
'category' => '',
// full content or excerpt attribute - defaults to full content
'excerpt' => 'false',
), $atts )
);
$output = '';
// set the query arguments
$query_args = array(
// show all posts matching this query
'posts_per_page' => -1,
// show the 'tuts_faq' custom post type
'post_type' => 'tuts_faq',
// show the posts matching the slug of the FAQ category specified with the shortcode's attribute
'tax_query' => array(
array(
'taxonomy' => 'tuts_faq_tax',
'field' => 'slug',
'terms' => $category,
)
),
// tell WordPress that it doesn't need to count total rows - this little trick reduces load on the database if you don't need pagination
'no_found_rows' => true,
);
// get the posts with our query arguments
$faq_posts = get_posts( $query_args );
$output .= '<div class="tuts-faq">';
// handle our custom loop
foreach ( $faq_posts as $post ) {
setup_postdata( $post );
$faq_item_title = get_the_title( $post->ID );
$faq_item_permalink = get_permalink( $post->ID );
$faq_item_content = get_the_content();
if( $excerpt == 'true' )
$faq_item_content = get_the_excerpt() . '<a href="' . $faq_item_permalink . '">' . __( 'More...', 'tuts_faq' ) . '</a>';
$output .= '<div class="tuts-faq-item">';
$output .= '<h3 class="tuts-faq-item-title">' . $faq_item_title . '</h3>';
$output .= '<div class="tuts-faq-item-content">' . $faq_item_content . '</div>';
$output .= '</div>';
}
wp_reset_postdata();
$output .= '</div>';
return $output;
}
add_shortcode( 'faq', 'tuts_faq_shortcode' );
}
?>
就是这样！现在我们有一个简洁的短代码来嵌入我们的问题和答案。您可以使用类名 tuts-faq、tuts-faq-item、tuts-faq-item-title 和 tuts-faq-item-content 对其进行样式设置。不过，即使您不包含额外的样式，也应该没问题。
由于这些代码不仅涉及前端样式，还引入新功能，因此它算作插件领域。这就是为什么我们必须将代码保存为插件。当我们这样做时，我们还应该在激活和停用时刷新重写规则。
完整代码如下：
<?php
/*
Plugin Name: Simple FAQ System
Plugin URI: http://code.tutsplus.com/
Description: Helps you create an FAQ section for your WordPress website. Shortcode usage: <code>[faq]</code>
Version: 1.0
Author: Barış Ünver
Author URI: http://hub.tutsplus.com/authors/baris-unver
License: Public Domain
*/
if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_cpt' ) ) {
// register custom post type
function tuts_faq_cpt() {
// these are the labels in the admin interface, edit them as you like
$labels = array(
'name' => _x( 'FAQs', 'Post Type General Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'FAQ', 'Post Type Singular Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'menu_name' => __( 'FAQ', 'tuts_faq' ),
'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent Item:', 'tuts_faq' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All Items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'view_item' => __( 'View Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New FAQ Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_new' => __( 'Add New', 'tuts_faq' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'update_item' => __( 'Update Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Item', 'tuts_faq' ),
'not_found' => __( 'Not found', 'tuts_faq' ),
'not_found_in_trash' => __( 'Not found in Trash', 'tuts_faq' ),
);
$args = array(
// use the labels above
'labels' => $labels,
// we'll only need the title, the Visual editor and the excerpt fields for our post type
'supports' => array( 'title', 'editor', 'excerpt', ),
// we're going to create this taxonomy in the next section, but we need to link our post type to it now
'taxonomies' => array( 'tuts_faq_tax' ),
// make it public so we can see it in the admin panel and show it in the front-end
'public' => true,
// show the menu item under the Pages item
'menu_position' => 20,
// show archives, if you don't need the shortcode
'has_archive' => true,
);
register_post_type( 'tuts_faq', $args );
}
// hook into the 'init' action
add_action( 'init', 'tuts_faq_cpt', 0 );
}
if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_tax' ) ) {
// register custom taxonomy
function tuts_faq_tax() {
// again, labels for the admin panel
$labels = array(
'name' => _x( 'FAQ Categories', 'Taxonomy General Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'singular_name' => _x( 'FAQ Category', 'Taxonomy Singular Name', 'tuts_faq' ),
'menu_name' => __( 'FAQ Categories', 'tuts_faq' ),
'all_items' => __( 'All FAQ Cats', 'tuts_faq' ),
'parent_item' => __( 'Parent FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'parent_item_colon' => __( 'Parent FAQ Cat:', 'tuts_faq' ),
'new_item_name' => __( 'New FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_new_item' => __( 'Add New FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'edit_item' => __( 'Edit FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'update_item' => __( 'Update FAQ Cat', 'tuts_faq' ),
'separate_items_with_commas' => __( 'Separate items with commas', 'tuts_faq' ),
'search_items' => __( 'Search Items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'add_or_remove_items' => __( 'Add or remove items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'choose_from_most_used' => __( 'Choose from the most used items', 'tuts_faq' ),
'not_found' => __( 'Not Found', 'tuts_faq' ),
);
$args = array(
// use the labels above
'labels' => $labels,
// taxonomy should be hierarchial so we can display it like a category section
'hierarchical' => true,
// again, make the taxonomy public (like the post type)
'public' => true,
);
// the contents of the array below specifies which post types should the taxonomy be linked to
register_taxonomy( 'tuts_faq_tax', array( 'tuts_faq' ), $args );
}
// hook into the 'init' action
add_action( 'init', 'tuts_faq_tax', 0 );
}
if ( ! function_exists( 'tuts_faq_shortcode' ) ) {
function tuts_faq_shortcode( $atts ) {
extract( shortcode_atts(
array(
// category slug attribute - defaults to blank
'category' => '',
// full content or excerpt attribute - defaults to full content
'excerpt' => 'false',
), $atts )
);
$output = '';
// set the query arguments
$query_args = array(
// show all posts matching this query
'posts_per_page' => -1,
// show the 'tuts_faq' custom post type
'post_type' => 'tuts_faq',
// show the posts matching the slug of the FAQ category specified with the shortcode's attribute
'tax_query' => array(
array(
'taxonomy' => 'tuts_faq_tax',
'field' => 'slug',
'terms' => $category,
)
),
// tell WordPress that it doesn't need to count total rows - this little trick reduces load on the database if you don't need pagination
'no_found_rows' => true,
);
// get the posts with our query arguments
$faq_posts = get_posts( $query_args );
$output .= '<div class="tuts-faq">';
// handle our custom loop
foreach ( $faq_posts as $post ) {
setup_postdata( $post );
$faq_item_title = get_the_title( $post->ID );
$faq_item_permalink = get_permalink( $post->ID );
$faq_item_content = get_the_content();
if( $excerpt == 'true' )
$faq_item_content = get_the_excerpt() . '<a href="' . $faq_item_permalink . '">' . __( 'More...', 'tuts_faq' ) . '</a>';
$output .= '<div class="tuts-faq-item">';
$output .= '<h2 class="faq-item-title">' . $faq_item_title . '</h2>';
$output .= '<div class="faq-item-content">' . $faq_item_content . '</div>';
$output .= '</div>';
}
wp_reset_postdata();
$output .= '</div>';
return $output;
}
add_shortcode( 'faq', 'tuts_faq_shortcode' );
}
function tuts_faq_activate() {
tuts_faq_cpt();
flush_rewrite_rules();
}
register_activation_hook( __FILE__, 'tuts_faq_activate' );
function tuts_faq_deactivate() {
flush_rewrite_rules();
}
register_deactivation_hook( __FILE__, 'tuts_faq_deactivate' );
?>
当我向我的客户展示如何使用它时，她对结果很满意。但在这里，我们可以使用更多功能扩展代码，例如...
posts_per_page 参数来限制帖子数量自定义短代码的查询，并使用 wp_reset_postdata(); 代码在行下方添加分页链接所需的代码。请记住删除 'no_found_rows' => true, 行，但如果不删除它，分页将无法工作！posts_per_page 参数从 -1 更改为 1 并添加另一行代码 'orderby' => 'random', 和你'一切顺利！这就是您如何通过使用自定义帖子类型、自定义分类法和短代码在 WordPress 中构建简单的常见问题解答系统。我希望您喜欢本教程，并且可以在下一个项目中使用它。如果您喜欢这篇文章，请不要忘记分享它！
您对改进此常见问题解答系统有什么想法吗？在下面分享您的评论！
以上就是使用自定义帖子类型通过 WordPress 创建自定义常见问题解答系统的详细内容，更多请关注php中文网其它相关文章！
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