Detailed explanation of security configuration and protection strategies of Nginx server

Detailed explanation of the security configuration and protection strategy of Nginx server

Overview:
With the development of the Internet and the advent of the big data era, the security of Web servers has received more and more attention. Among many web servers, Nginx is popular for its advantages such as high performance, high concurrency processing capabilities and flexible modular design. This article will introduce the security configuration and protection strategy of Nginx server in detail, including access control, reverse proxy, flow limiting and HTTPS configuration, etc.

1. Access control

1. IP blacklist and whitelist: By configuring the allow and deny instructions of Nginx, you can set the IP blacklist and whitelist. In the Nginx configuration file, you can use the following code example:

http {
    server {
        location / {
            deny 192.168.1.1;
            allow all;
        }
    }
}

In the above configuration, access with IP 192.168.1.1 is denied, and other IPs can be accessed normally.

2. Prevent malicious requests: By setting a limit on the number of connections and a limit on access frequency, you can prevent malicious request attacks. This can be achieved using the limit_conn and limit_req directives in the Nginx configuration file, as shown below:

http {
    server {
        location / {
            limit_conn conn_limit_per_ip 10;
            limit_req zone=req_limit_per_ip burst=20 nodelay;
        }
    }
}

In the above configuration, the number of concurrent connections per IP is limited to 10, and the requests per IP are limited. The frequency is 20 per second.

2. Reverse proxy

1. Hide the real IP: Use reverse proxy to hide the real IP and protect the security of the server. You can use the following configuration code:

http {
    server {
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://backend;
            proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        }
    }
    upstream backend {
        server backend1.example.com;
        server backend2.example.com;
    }
}

In the above configuration, the request will be sent to backend1.example.com and backend2.example.com, and the real IP of the original request will be set to the HTTP header. .

2. Load balancing: Through reverse proxy and load balancing, requests can be distributed to multiple back-end servers to improve system performance and reliability. You can use the following configuration code:

http {
    upstream backend {
        server backend1.example.com;
        server backend2.example.com;
    }
    server {
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://backend;
        }
    }
}

In the above configuration, requests will be sent to the servers in backend1.example.com and backend2.example.com evenly.

3. Current limiting

1. Control access rate: By configuring Nginx’s limit_req directive, you can limit the access rate of each IP to avoid being attacked by malicious requests. You can use the following configuration code:

http {
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=req_limit_per_ip:10m rate=10r/s;
    server {
        location / {
            limit_req zone=req_limit_per_ip burst=20 nodelay;
        }
    }
}

In the above configuration, the access rate of each IP is limited to 10 times per second, and the number of request bursts is set to 20.

2. Limit file upload size: By configuring Nginx's client_max_body_size directive, you can limit the size of file uploads to avoid uploading large files from occupying server resources. You can use the following configuration code:

http {
    server {
        client_max_body_size 10m;
        ...
    }
}

In the above configuration, the size of file upload is limited to 10MB.

4. HTTPS configuration

1. Generate SSL certificate: You can use tools such as Let's Encrypt to generate an SSL certificate to ensure the security of HTTPS connections.
2. Configure HTTPS connection: You can use the following configuration code to convert the HTTP connection to HTTPS connection:

server {
    listen 80;
    server_name example.com;
    return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;
}
server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;
    ssl_certificate /path/to/ssl_certificate.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/ssl_certificate_key.pem;
    ...
}

In the above configuration, redirect the HTTP connection to the HTTPS connection and configure the SSL certificate and private key.

Summary:
This article introduces the security configuration and protection strategy of Nginx server, including access control, reverse proxy, flow limiting and HTTPS configuration, etc. By properly configuring and using these policies, the security of servers and websites can be improved, and the data security of systems and users can be protected. However, it is worth noting that different environments and needs may require targeted configurations, and developers should make selections and adjustments based on actual conditions.

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