6 'scary” Linux commands

Audit file access requires recording the visitor, time and operation, and is implemented through system settings and tools. 1. Enable the system's own audit function, such as Windows configures object access audit in "local security policy", and Linux uses auditd to add monitoring rules; 2. Use third-party tools such as SolarWinds or OSSEC to collect logs, automatically alarms and generate reports; 3. Set reasonable permissions, assign access controls according to roles, clean invalid permissions regularly, and restrict access to key folders; 4. Protect log storage, store them in an independent server or read-only location, enable the rotation mechanism and restrict log access rights, and ensure data integrity.

The key to configuring a Samba server is to master the steps of installation, configuration file editing, user addition and service startup. 1. Install Samba: Select apt, yum or dnf commands according to the system for installation; 2. Edit the smb.conf file, set global parameters such as workgroup and security, and define the path, permissions of the shared directory, etc.; 3. Use smbpasswd to add Samba user and set password; 4. Start the smbd service and set the power-on self-start, and then pass Windows access test; 5. When encountering connection problems, check whether the firewall, service status, configuration restrictions and username and password are correct. Pay attention to permission mask, user mapping and configuration syntax throughout the process

Thedmesgcommandisusedtoviewandfilterkernelmessagesfortroubleshooting;itsupportsreal-timemonitoring,severity-basedfiltering,andhuman-readabletimestamps.Todisplayallmessages,rundmesg|less;filterbyseverityusing-lwithlevelslikeerrorwarn;enablereadabletim

The key to configuring fstab to achieve automatic mount is to understand the role of each parameter and set it correctly. 1. Each line of fstab contains six fields: device identity (filesystem), mountpoint (mountpoint), file system type (type), mount options (options), dump and pass. 2. It is recommended to use UUID instead of device name to avoid problems caused by changes in device order. You can view UUID through the blkid command. 3. Common mount options include defaults, auto, noauto, user, nouser, exec, noexec, ro, rw, etc. If you are NTFS or FAT format, it is recommended to add utf8 parameter support.

To configure syslogdaemon, you must first confirm the service type, and then modify the rules and forwarding settings. 1. Use ps or systemctl to confirm using rsyslog or syslog-ng; 2. Edit /etc/rsyslog.conf to add log classification rules such as auth./var/log/auth.log; 3. Add forwarding rules to the client.*@@Remote IP:514 and enable the listening module on the server; 4. Configure the log rotation policy through logrotate, such as daily rotation for 7 days, and finally restart the service and check the firewall and permissions issues.

To restart the systemd service, you need to use the correct commands and methods. 1. The basic operation is the sudosystemctlrestart service name, if it takes effect after modifying the configuration; 2. After restarting, check the status and use systemctlstatus or is-active to confirm the operation status; 3. If it fails, check the log journalctl-u service name-b and troubleshoot the configuration, port, and permissions; 4. Try to stop first and then restart after starting or killing the process; 5. You can enable watchdog automatic restart, and service support is required and the WatchdogSec and Restart options are configured in the unit file.

The key to building a Docker image is to understand the process and write a Dockerfile well. 1. Use official basic images as the starting point to ensure stability; 2. Merge the command line to reduce the number of mirror layers to improve efficiency; 3. Use the .dockerignore file to eliminate useless files to speed up construction; 4. Be familiar with the construction commands such as dockerbuild-t specifying tags; 5. Optional --no-cache, --build-arg and multi-stage building optimization process; 6. Run the container test startup status after building, enter the container to check files and view the log to troubleshoot problems; 7. Optimize the image size and dependency cleaning if necessary. Through the above steps, a clean, safe and efficient mirror can be created.

The key to managing disk quotas is to understand the system mechanism, set appropriate restrictions, and continuously monitor usage. First, we must clarify the basic types of disk quotas, including user-based quotas, group-based quotas, and software and hard-core limitations, and understand the support methods of different operating systems (such as Linux and Windows Server); second, enabling quotas in Linux requires ensuring file system support, enabling quota options when mounted, creating quota databases and enabling services. At the same time, user quotas can be edited or copied through the edquota command; third, continuously monitoring quota usage, regularly viewing reports, setting email reminders and grace periods, and combining tools such as Nagios and Zabbix to achieve automated alarms; finally, on Wi