How to use TCP/IP sockets for network programming in Python 2.x

How to use TCP/IP sockets for network programming in Python 2.x

Introduction:
In network programming, sockets are a key concept that allow different computers to communicate over the network communicate. This article describes how to use the sockets library in Python 2.x for TCP/IP socket programming and provides corresponding code examples.

1. Introduction to Python socket programming
Python provides the socket module to implement network programming. The socket module contains a series of functions and constants that create server and client sockets and provide corresponding methods for communication. In TCP/IP socket programming, commonly used functions and constants include:

1. socket(): Create a socket object;
2. bind(): Bind the server socket The interface is bound to an address and port number;
3. listen(): listens for connection requests from the client;
4. accept(): receives the client's connection and returns a socket representing the connection. Connector object;
5. connect(): Establish a connection to the server;
6. send(): Send data;
7. recv(): Receive data.

2. TCP/IP socket programming example

The following is a simple TCP/IP socket programming example, including a server and a client. The server listens for connection requests from the client, and the client connects to the server and transmits data.

Server-side code:

import socket

def server():
    # 创建套接字对象
    server_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    
    # 绑定地址和端口号
    server_address = ('localhost', 8888)
    server_socket.bind(server_address)
    
    # 监听连接请求
    server_socket.listen(5)
    
    print "Server started, waiting for connections..."
    
    while True:
        # 接受客户端的连接请求
        client_socket, client_address = server_socket.accept()
        
        try:
            print 'Got connection from', client_address
            
            # 接收数据
            data = client_socket.recv(1024)
            print 'Received:', data
            
            # 发送数据
            message = 'Hello, client!'
            client_socket.send(message)
            
        finally:
            # 关闭连接
            client_socket.close()

Client-side code:

import socket

def client():
    # 创建套接字对象
    client_socket = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
    
    # 连接到服务器
    server_address = ('localhost', 8888)
    client_socket.connect(server_address)
    
    try:
        # 发送数据
        message = 'Hello, server!'
        client_socket.send(message)
        
        # 接收数据
        data = client_socket.recv(1024)
        print 'Received:', data
        
    finally:
        # 关闭连接
        client_socket.close()

3. Running results and analysis

1. After running the server-side code, Start listening for connection requests from the client;
2. After running the client code, the client will connect to the server and send data;
3. The server receives the data sent by the client and sends a reply message To the client;
4. The client receives the message sent by the server and prints it out.

In this example, the server and client code run on different terminals or computers. The server uses the bind() method to bind the socket to the local address and port number, and uses the listen() method to start listening for connection requests. The client uses the connect() method to connect to the server. After receiving the connection request, the server uses the accept() method to accept the connection and returns a new socket object through which data can be exchanged.

4. Summary
This article introduces how to use the socket library in Python 2.x for TCP/IP socket programming. By explaining the simple sample code of the server and client, I hope readers can have a preliminary understanding of socket programming. Through TCP/IP socket programming, data transmission and communication can be realized in the network, which helps to build various network applications.

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