Nginx security configuration guide to prevent website attacks and malicious access

Nginx Security Configuration Guide to Prevent Website Attacks and Malicious Access

Introduction:
With the rapid development of the Internet, network security issues have attracted more and more attention. As a website administrator, it is crucial to protect your website from attacks and malicious access. As a high-performance web server and reverse proxy server, Nginx provides a wealth of security configuration options that can help us strengthen the security of our website. This article will introduce some commonly used Nginx security configurations to help website administrators prevent website attacks and malicious access.

1. Restrict access methods

1. Prohibit unsafe HTTP methods
   By default, Nginx supports multiple HTTP methods, including GET, POST, OPTIONS, etc. . However, some HTTP methods may present security risks, for example, the TRACE method can be used for cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks. We can use Nginx's "limit_except" directive to limit access to certain HTTP methods.
   Sample code:

   location / {
    limit_except GET POST {
        deny all;
    }
   }

2. Close unnecessary directory lists
   If the Nginx directory does not have a default index file, it will automatically display the file list in the directory, which may cause Expose sensitive information. We can prevent this behavior by disabling automatic directory listing.
   Sample code:

   location / {
    autoindex off;
   }

2. Prevent malicious requests and attacks

1. Prevent malicious requests
   Malicious requests include a large number of requests , large file uploads, malicious scripts, etc., which can cause excessive server load. We can prevent this from happening by setting request limits.
   Sample code:

   http {
    limit_req_zone $binary_remote_addr zone=req_limit:10m rate=1r/s;
    
    server {
        location / {
            limit_req zone=req_limit burst=5 nodelay;
            # 其他配置
        }
    }
   }

   In the above code, we use the "limit_req_zone" directive to define the request limit area and set the limit size and rate (up to 1 request per second is allowed). Then, use the "limit_req" directive in the corresponding "server" configuration to apply the limit zone.

2. Prevent common attacks
   Nginx provides some configuration options by default to prevent common attacks, such as:
3. Prevent buffer overflow attacks: proxy_buffer_size andproxy_buffers Configuration options
4. Prevent HTTP request header attacks that are too large: large_client_header_buffers Configuration options
5. Prevent attacks with URI lengths that are too large: large_client_header_buffers Configuration options
6. Prevent malicious requests: client_max_body_size Configuration options
7. Prevent DDoS attacks: limit_conn and limit_req Configuration options

3. Use HTTPS to ensure data transmission security

The HTTPS protocol can ensure the confidentiality and integrity of data transmission and prevent data from being stolen or tampered with. Using HTTPS can prevent security issues such as man-in-the-middle attacks and data hijacking. We can use the SSL module provided by Nginx to configure HTTPS.
Sample code:

server {
    listen 443 ssl;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate /path/to/certificate.crt;
    ssl_certificate_key /path/to/private.key;

    location / {
        # 其他配置
    }
}

In the above code, we use the listen 443 ssl command to listen to the 443 port, and use ssl_certificate and ssl_certificate_keyConfiguration option specifies the SSL certificate path.

Conclusion:
This article introduces some commonly used Nginx security configuration options, including restricting access methods, preventing malicious requests and attacks, using HTTPS to ensure data transmission security, etc. Of course, there are many other options for Nginx security configuration, which can be configured accordingly for different situations. As website administrators, we need to pay close attention to website security issues and continuously strengthen security configurations to protect the website from attacks and malicious access threats.

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