How to deal with Linux server network congestion?

How to solve the network blocking problem on Linux servers

Abstract: Network blocking is one of the common problems on Linux servers, which can lead to system performance degradation, network delay and service unavailability. This article describes some common causes of network congestion and provides solutions to help administrators quickly identify and resolve such issues.

Introduction:
In today’s Internet era, network connectivity is crucial to server performance and stability. However, due to various reasons, network congestion problems occur from time to time on Linux servers, causing a lot of troubles to service operation and user experience. Network congestion usually leads to delays, packet loss, connection timeouts and other problems, affecting the response speed and reliability of the server.

1. Common causes and solutions for network congestion:

1. High load and bandwidth limitations:
   When the server load is too high or the bandwidth is limited, network congestion problems will very common. This is because the server is unable to handle incoming and outgoing requests in a timely manner, causing network delays and timeouts.

Solution:
a) For high load problems, performance can be improved by increasing server resources (CPU, memory, storage) or optimizing the code.
b) The problem of bandwidth limitation can be alleviated by upgrading network equipment, increasing bandwidth, or using a content delivery network (CDN).

2. Network congestion and flow control:
   Network congestion may be caused by hardware device failures such as network equipment, routers, or switches. In addition, malicious attacks (such as DDoS attacks) or network spam traffic may also cause network congestion problems.

Solution:
a) For network equipment failure, you can check and repair the faulty equipment or replace the equipment.
b) For malicious attacks or junk traffic issues, firewalls, intrusion detection systems (IDS), and intrusion prevention systems (IPS) should be used for protection and filtering to detect and block malicious traffic in a timely manner.

3. Kernel parameter tuning:
   Linux kernel parameters have an important impact on network performance. Unreasonable parameter settings may cause network congestion problems.

Solution:
a) Tune the default parameters of the TCP/IP protocol stack to improve network performance and stability.
b) Adjust TCP/IP parameters by modifying the files under /proc/sys/net/ipv4, such as modifying the TCP connection timeout, TCP window size, etc.

4. Configuration Errors and Software Issues:
   Sometimes, network congestion is caused by configuration errors or software issues. For example, IP address conflicts, incorrect firewall settings, missing software patches, etc.

Solution:
a) Make sure there are no conflicts in the IP addresses of the server and network device.
b) For firewall settings errors, the configuration file should be carefully checked and necessary changes made.
c) Regularly update operating system and software patches on servers to fix and prevent known security vulnerabilities and performance issues.

5. Abnormal connections and sessions:
   Abnormal connections and sessions may cause network congestion problems. For example, a persistent connection may consume a large amount of network resources and prevent other connections from functioning properly.

Solution:
a) Use network monitoring tools to monitor the connection status on the server, detect abnormal connections in a timely manner and handle them.
b) For persistent abnormal connections, you can use firewall rules or software settings to restrict access.

Conclusion:
Network blocking is a common problem that affects the performance and stability of Linux servers. This article describes some common causes of network congestion and provides solutions to help administrators quickly identify and resolve such issues. Administrators should pay close attention to network status and performance, and take appropriate measures to optimize and protect the server's network connection to ensure the normal operation of the server and user experience.

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