How to use Golang to implement web server caching

With the development of the Internet, Web server caching has become one of the important means to improve the performance of Web applications. In previous development, we mainly used some specialized caching middleware such as Memcached and Redis. However, now we can use Golang's own concurrency library to implement web server caching to solve the performance problems of some small-scale applications. . This article will focus on how to use Golang to implement web server caching.

1. Commonly used concurrency libraries in Golang

Golang has a wealth of concurrency libraries, including sync, channel, context and other commonly used libraries. Among them, the most commonly used ones are Mutex and RWMutex provided in the sync library. Mutex is the most basic kind of lock, which can only be held by one goroutine at the same time. Using it can ensure the security of multiple goroutines concurrently accessing shared resources. RWMutex is a read-write lock based on Mutex, which can limit the number of goroutines that read resources at the same time and improve concurrent reading efficiency.

2. Steps to implement Web server cache

Next, we will follow the following steps to implement Web server cache:

2.1 Create a cache structure Body

We can use RWMutex in the sync library to implement a concurrently safe cache structure, in which map is used as the cache storage structure. The specific implementation is as follows:

type Cache struct {
    cache map[string]interface{}
    rw    sync.RWMutex
}

func NewCache() *Cache {
    return &Cache{
        cache: make(map[string]interface{}),
    }
}

2.2 Implementation of cache operation functions

Implement the basic operation functions of cache, such as Get, Set, Delete, etc. Among them, we use RWMutex to ensure the security of cache concurrent access.

func (c *Cache) Get(key string) (interface{}, bool) {
    c.rw.RLock()
    defer c.rw.RUnlock()
    item, ok := c.cache[key]
    return item, ok
}

func (c *Cache) Set(key string, value interface{}) {
    c.rw.Lock()
    defer c.rw.Unlock()
    c.cache[key] = value
}

func (c *Cache) Delete(key string) {
    c.rw.Lock()
    defer c.rw.Unlock()
    delete(c.cache, key)
}

2.3 Cache expiration processing

The data in the cache exists for different lengths of time. We can ensure the freshness of the cached data by regularly deleting it by setting the cache time. To do this, we need to use goroutine to periodically delete expired cache data.

func (c *Cache) deleteExpired() {
    for {
        time.Sleep(time.Second * 30)

        c.rw.Lock()
        for key, value := range c.cache {
            item, ok := value.(*item)
            if ok && item.expired.Before(time.Now()) {
                delete(c.cache, key)
            }
        }
        c.rw.Unlock()
    }
}

type item struct {
    data    interface{}
    expired time.Time
}

func (c *Cache) SetWithExpiration(key string, value interface{}, expiration time.Duration) {
    item := &item{
        data:    value,
        expired: time.Now().Add(expiration),
    }
    c.rw.Lock()
    defer c.rw.Unlock()
    c.cache[key] = item
}

func NewCache() *Cache {
    c := &Cache{
        cache: make(map[string]interface{}),
    }
    go c.deleteExpired()
    return c
}

3. Summary

This article introduces how to use Golang’s own concurrency library to implement web server caching. By implementing the basic operation functions of cache and goroutine that periodically deletes expired cache data, we can build a lightweight web server cache by ourselves to solve the performance problems of small-scale applications. At the same time, we can also learn the basic methods of using the Golang concurrency library, which will help us better leverage Golang's concurrency performance advantages in future development.

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