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As a high-performance distributed memory cache system, Memcache is adopted by more and more projects and companies. Using Memcache in Golang is also a very excellent solution. Because the Golang language itself has the characteristics of high concurrency and high performance, and by using Memcache for caching, frequent database queries and I/O operations can be avoided, thereby reducing the system load and response time and improving system efficiency. This article will start from the necessity of using Memcache, the Memcache driver in Golang, and the precautions for using Memcache.
1. Why do you need to use Memcache
With the continuous expansion of business scale and the increasing number of visits, the database often easily becomes the bottleneck of the application system when faced with high concurrent requests, so In actual production environments, we often use caching to reduce database queries, improve performance, and reduce response delays. Caching is further divided into local cache and distributed cache. Distributed caching caches data centrally, reducing the pressure on database queries, improving response speed and system throughput, and allowing multiple applications to use cached data together.
Memcache is an excellent distributed memory caching system that is very fast when storing and retrieving data because it uses key-value storage and it uses distributed memory to store data, which means It scales to multiple servers very easily and supports usage in multiple languages. In addition, Memcache also has functions such as data persistence and data balancing. Therefore, using Memcache is a very efficient and reliable distributed caching solution.
2. Memcache driver in Golang
Currently, there are two main Memcache drivers in Golang: gomemcache and go-memcached. Among them, gomemcache is a relatively simple Memcache driver that supports basic CRUD operations, while go-memcached is a complete and efficient Memcache driver that supports more and more complete operations. However, which driver to choose depends on your application needs. In the following content, we will use gomemcache as an example to introduce the use of Memcache.
3. Precautions for using Memcache
When storing data into Memcache, the data needs to be encapsulated into a byte stream . When reading data from Memcache, the byte stream needs to be decoded before use. We should note that if the code stores data types such as structures, these types need to be encoded and decoded during network transmission. In order to make it more convenient when accessing data, we can define corresponding serialization and deserialization functions for these data types in advance.
Memcache itself has no data persistence mechanism and will automatically clean up the data after it expires. Therefore, when setting the data timeout, it needs to be set appropriately. If the setting is too short, the data may not be stored or expires too quickly; if the setting is too long, the data storage resources on the server may be wasted. Reasonable expiration time settings can improve cache efficiency, but setting a time that is too short will continuously trigger operations such as data acquisition and cache reconstruction, resulting in excessive load on the Memcache server. Therefore, experiments need to be conducted in practical applications to obtain the optimal cache expiration time.
When using Memcache to cache data, you need to consider the sequence of cached data, especially when using dependency cache and collection cache. We need to be clear that both the storage methods of dependency cache and collection cache use hash tables, and hash tables themselves are unordered, which also determines their characteristics. Therefore, if we use dependency caching and collection caching, we need to pay attention to using natural sorting or manually specifying index keys when storing data to ensure the order of the data.
Golang's own high concurrency characteristics, coupled with Memcache's decentralized distributed architecture, make it easy to achieve multi-terminal connections when using Memcache. Although gomemcache is a connection pool by default, we still need to pay attention to precautions in concurrency situations to avoid data overwriting or conflicts. For concurrent access to Memcache, we need to process the lock so that it can support highly concurrent read and write operations without destroying the integrity and correctness of the data.
Conclusion
When facing scenarios with high concurrent access, large data volume, and high performance requirements, using Memcache for caching is a very effective solution. When using Memcache in Golang, you also need to pay attention to some precautions. For example, data processing, timeout mechanism, sequence and concurrency, etc., all need to be considered and experimented in actual applications in order to better utilize Memcache to improve the performance of application systems.
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