Teach you step-by-step Python server programming: setting up an HTTP/2 server

With the advent of the Internet era, server programming has gradually become a very attractive field. Whether you are operating a website, developing an application, or building a network service, you need to use server programming. The efficiency, simplicity and ease of use of the Python language make it the first choice of many people.

This article will introduce how to use Python language to build an HTTP/2 server. HTTP/2 is the latest version of the HTTP protocol, which mainly improves transmission speed, security and reduces network delays.

1. Introduction to HTTP/2 protocol

HTTP/2 is the latest version of the HTTP protocol released by the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) in 2015. Its emergence is mainly to solve the performance bottlenecks of HTTP/1.1, such as multiple request serial transmission, header blocking and other issues.

HTTP/2 is more efficient than HTTP/1.1, mainly in the following aspects:

1. Multiplexing: HTTP/2 can transmit multiple requests and responses at the same time, and It is not necessary to perform separate requests and responses like HTTP/1.1, thus improving the transmission speed.
2. Binary Framing: HTTP/2 divides all data into smaller frames during transmission, and each frame is marked with a unique ID. This can maximize the use of network bandwidth.
3. Header compression: HTTP/2 uses a HPACK algorithm that can compress the headers of requests and responses, thereby reducing network latency.
4. Server push: HTTP/2 provides a mechanism for server push data, which can push the resources required by the client to the client in advance, thus improving performance.

2. Build an HTTP/2 server

In Python, building an HTTP/2 server requires the use of a third-party module "hyper", which can support the HTTP/2 protocol. Below we will teach you step by step how to use Python to build an HTTP/2 server.

1. Install dependencies

Use pip to install the hyper module

pip install hyper

2. Write program code

Create a File named "server.py", enter the following code:

from hyper.http20.server import HTTP20Server, HTTP20RequestHandler

class MyHTTP2RequestHandler(HTTP20RequestHandler):
    def handle_request(self, request):
        response_data = 'Hello, world!'
        response_headers = (
            (b'content-length', str(len(response_data)).encode('utf8')),
            (b'content-type', b'text/plain')
        )
        self.send_response(200, response_headers)
        self.send_data(response_data)

address = ('localhost', 8443)
httpd = HTTP20Server(address, MyHTTP2RequestHandler)
httpd.serve_forever()

This code creates an HTTP/2 server and listens on port 8443. When the server receives the request, it returns the "Hello, world!" string as a response.

3. Run the program

Enter the following command on the command line to start the HTTP/2 server:

python server.py

Then enter https:// in the browser localhost:8443. If the "Hello, world!" string can be accessed correctly, it means that the HTTP/2 server has been set up successfully.

3. Conclusion

So far, we have learned how to use Python language to build an HTTP/2 server. The emergence of the HTTP/2 protocol makes data transmission more efficient and makes websites and applications more responsive. In the future, the HTTP/2 protocol will play an important role in network applications, so it is recommended that everyone master this technology.

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