Permission management skills in Django framework

With the popularity of Web applications, more and more businesses require permission management. As a popular web development framework, Django provides a relatively complete permission management mechanism. In this article, we will discuss permission management techniques in Django framework.

The permission management of the Django framework mainly includes the following aspects:

1. User authentication
2. User authorization
3. Permission verification

User Authentication

Django provides the Django.contrib.auth module for user authentication. This module includes user registration, login, logout and other functions. We only need to make relevant configurations according to the requirements in the document to use it. The more commonly used authentication methods are the following two:

1. Session-based authentication

In this authentication method, after the user logs in for the first time, the server will The information is stored in the Session. Every time you access a page that requires permission verification, the server will check whether the user information exists in the Session. If it does not exist, it will redirect to the login page. This method is suitable for small systems, but will increase the load on the server in large systems.

2. Token-based authentication

In this authentication method, the server will generate a Token string and return it to the client, and the client needs to Bring the Token up. The server verifies the user's identity by verifying the Token. This approach is called "stateless" authentication because it does not require state to be maintained on the server side.

User authorization

In Django, user authorization mainly refers to the user's permission to access the corresponding resources. Django provides two authorization methods:

1. Role-based access control

In this authorization method, we assign corresponding permissions to different user roles. Users log in Then they will get the corresponding permissions according to their roles. For example, we can assign higher permissions to administrators to allow them to modify the background.

2. Resource-based access control

In this authorization method, we assign corresponding permissions to each resource (or each URL). When the user accesses the When accessing resources, you need to verify whether they have the corresponding permissions. This method is more fine-grained, but requires assigning corresponding permissions to each resource, which requires a larger workload.

Permission verification

Django provides a decorator method for permission verification, which we can add to the view function that requires verification. The decorators provided in the Django framework are as follows:

1. login_required

When accessing a page that requires login, if the user is not logged in, it will redirect to the default login page.

2. permission_required

Used to protect specific view functions, only users with corresponding permissions can access.

3. user_passes_test

You can customize the permission verification function according to your own needs. The view function can only be accessed when the function returns True.

The above three decorators can be customized and extended according to your own needs.

Summary

The Django framework provides a complete set of permission management mechanisms. Proper use of these mechanisms can easily add security and flexibility to web applications. It is recommended that when designing web applications, try to follow the "principle of least privilege", that is, only allow users to access the resources they need to reduce the occurrence of security vulnerabilities.

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