What are the ways to handle network connections in Go language?

What are the ways to handle network connections in Go language?

As an efficient and easy-to-use language, one of the great advantages of Go language is that it comes with a rich network development library. When performing network programming, Go language provides a variety of implementation methods, including but not limited to: TCP, UDP, HTTP, WebSocket and other protocols. In the following article, we will introduce in detail how to handle network connections commonly used in the Go language.

1. TCP

TCP is a connection-oriented (connection-oriented) network transmission protocol. The TCP protocol provides reliable transmission services and complete data transmission. In the Go language, TCP connections are implemented through the net package. Create a TCP connection using the Dial, Listen, and Accept methods provided in the net package. The code is as follows:

Client:

conn, err := net.Dial("tcp", "127.0.0.1:8080")

Server:

l, err := net.Listen("tcp", "127.0.0.1:8080")
conn, err := l.Accept()

After obtaining the TCP connection, we can perform read and write operations by calling the Write and Read methods of the Conn object. . The write and read methods of TCP connections are blocking, which means that read and write operations will block until the TCP connection reaches a readable and writable state.

2. UDP

UDP is a connectionless (non-connection-oriented) network transmission protocol. Compared with TCP protocol, UDP protocol provides faster transmission speed, but does not guarantee data security and integrity. In the Go language, UDP connections are also implemented through the net package. Create a UDP connection using the ListenUDP and DialUDP methods provided in the net package. The code is as follows:

Client:

conn, err := net.DialUDP("udp", nil, &net.UDPAddr{IP: []byte{127,0,0,1}, Port: 8080})

Server:

addr, err := net.ResolveUDPAddr("udp", "127.0.0.1:8080")
conn, err := net.ListenUDP("udp", addr)

UDP connections also provide blocking writing and reading methods. For UDP connections, special attention should be paid to the fact that the size of a UDP packet cannot exceed 64KB.

3. HTTP

HTTP is an application layer protocol based on the TCP protocol and is commonly used for data transmission between web browsers and web servers. In the Go language, we can use the net/http package to handle HTTP connections. By calling the Get, Post, ServeHTTP and other methods provided in the http package, we can complete the sending and receiving of HTTP requests.

Client:

// 发送Get请求
resp, err := http.Get("http://www.example.com/")
// 发送Post请求
resp, err := http.Post("http://www.example.com/login", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", bytes.NewBufferString("username=admin&password=123456"))

// 接收HTTP响应
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(resp.Body)

Server:

// 注册HTTP处理函数
http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    w.Write([]byte("Hello, world!"))
})
// 启动HTTP服务
err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)

By using the net/http package, we can handle HTTP connections very conveniently.

4. WebSocket

WebSocket is an application layer protocol based on the TCP protocol, providing two-way real-time communication capabilities. Web applications often use the WebSocket protocol to achieve real-time communication with the server. In the Go language, we can use the gorilla/websocket package to handle WebSocket connections. The code is as follows:

Client:

// 建立WebSocket连接
conn, _, err := websocket.DefaultDialer.Dial("ws://localhost:8080/ws", nil)
// 发送WebSocket消息
err = conn.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, []byte("Hello, world!"))
// 接收WebSocket消息
_, message, err := conn.ReadMessage()

Server:

// 注册WebSocket处理函数
http.HandleFunc("/ws", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    conn, err := upgrader.Upgrade(w, r, nil)
    // 发送WebSocket消息
    err = conn.WriteMessage(websocket.TextMessage, []byte("Hello, world!"))
    // 接收WebSocket消息
    _, message, err := conn.ReadMessage()
})
// 启动HTTP服务
err := http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)

By using the gorilla/websocket package, we can create WebSocket connections, send and receive messages, etc. Function.

Summary

Go language provides a variety of network connection processing methods, including TCP, UDP, HTTP, WebSocket and other protocols. Using these protocols, we can implement a variety of network applications. The above code is just a simple example, readers can perform more complex network programming according to their specific needs.

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