Socket communication is a transmission method based on the TCP/IP network layer. We usually call TCP and UDP the transport layer.
As shown in the figure above, among the seven hierarchical relationships, the socket we are talking about belongs to the transport layer, among which UDP is a connectionless transport layer protocol. UDP does not care whether the peer actually receives the transmitted data. If you need to check whether the peer has received the packet packet, or whether the peer is connected to the network, you need to implement it in the application. UDP is commonly used in multimedia fields such as small packet data or multicast, broadcast communication, and video communication. We will not discuss it in detail here. We mainly explain socket communication based on TCP/IP protocol.
Socket is an abstraction between application services and TCP/IP communication. It packages the complex communication logic in the TCP/IP protocol. For users, just through a A simple API can be used to achieve network connection.
After understanding the basic principles of socket communication, we will write the simplest example to create a chat room.
Server-side Server:
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
public class Server{
public static ServerSocket server_socket;
public static ArrayList<Socket> socketList=new ArrayList<Socket>();
public static void main(String []args){
try{
server_socket = new ServerSocket(5000);
while(true){
Socket socket = server_socket.accept();
socketList.add(socket); //把sock对象加入sock集合
ServerBO_Thread st=new ServerBO_Thread(socket,socketList); //初始化多线程
st.start();//启动多线程
}
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try{
if(server_socket!=null){
server_socket.close();
}
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void encryptWrite(String src,DataOutputStream output)throws IOException{
//将一个字符串转化为字符数组
//System.out.println(src);
char[] char_arr = src.toCharArray();
//加密操作
for(int i = 0;i<char_arr.length;i++){
output.writeChar(char_arr[i]+13);
}
//用作结束标志符
output.writeChar(2333);
output.flush();
}
//读取并解密
public String readDecrypt(DataInputStream input)throws IOException{
String rtn="";
while(true){
int char_src =input.readChar();
if(char_src!=2333){
rtn=rtn+(char)(char_src-13);
}else{
break;
}
}
return rtn;
}
}
class ServerBO_Thread extends Thread{
Socket client = null;
ArrayList<Socket> clients;
ServerBO_Thread(Socket s,ArrayList<Socket> ss){//初始化
client=s;
clients=ss;
}
public void run(){
DataInputStream input = null;
DataOutputStream output =null;
try{
input = new DataInputStream(client.getInputStream());
Server bo = new Server();
String receive=null;
String send=null;
while(true){//监视当前客户端有没有发来消息
if(!client.isClosed()){
receive=bo.readDecrypt(input);
clients.trimToSize();
String[] param = receive.split("&");
if(")start".equals(param[1])){ //分析客户端发来的内容
send = param[0]+"进入聊天室";
}else{
send = param[0]+"说: "+param[1];
}
if(!("3333".equals(param[1]))){//3333为退出聊天室信号
for(Socket socket:clients){ //遍历socke集合
//把读取到的消息发送给各个客户端
if(!socket.isClosed()){
output = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
bo.encryptWrite(send,output);
}
}
}else{//如果有客户端退出
for(Socket socket:clients){ //遍历socke集合
if(socket!=client){//告诉其他人此人退出聊天室
if(!(socket.isClosed())){
output = new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
bo.encryptWrite(param[0]+"已退出聊天室",output);
}
}
}
output = new DataOutputStream(client.getOutputStream());
bo.encryptWrite("3333",output);//返回信号给要退出的客户端，然后关闭线程
client.close();
input.close();
output.close();
}
}else{
break;
}
}
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}Client:
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Scanner;
import java.net.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
import java.io.BufferedWriter;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.DataOutputStream;
public class People{
//服务端ip
public String ip = "127.0.0.1";
//服务端端口
public int port = 5000;
public DataOutputStream output = null;
public Socket socket = null;
public DataInputStream input = null;
public Scanner sc =new Scanner (System.in);
public String send ;
public String receive;
public String name;
public String sd = null;
public static void main(String[]aa){
People po = new People();
po.start();
}
public void start(){
try{
System.out.println("*******欢迎使用匿名聊天室！**********");
System.out.println("请输入你将要使用的昵称：");
name=sc.nextLine();//获取昵称
socket = new Socket(ip,port);
output=new DataOutputStream(socket.getOutputStream());
input = new DataInputStream(socket.getInputStream());
send = name+"&)start";//把昵称发送到server 告诉所有人有新成员加入聊天室
System.out.println("(如果要退出聊天室请输入“3333”！)");
System.out.println("*******成功进入匿名聊天室！**********");
System.out.println("");
encryptWrite(send,output);
Out out=new Out(output,name,input,socket);
out.start();//启动发送聊天内容的多线程
while(true){
String receive = readDecrypt(input);
if("3333".equals(receive)){//如果收到“3333”则退出聊天室
System.out.println("*******成功退出匿名聊天室！**********");
input.close();
output.close();
socket.close();
System.exit(0);
}
System.out.println(receive);
}
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}finally{
try{
if(socket!=null) socket.close();
input.close();
output.close();
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public void encryptWrite(String src,DataOutputStream output)throws IOException{
//将一个字符串转化为字符数组
char[] char_arr = src.toCharArray();
//加密操作
for(int i = 0;i<char_arr.length;i++){
output.writeChar(char_arr[i]+13);
}
//用作结束标志符
output.writeChar(2333);
output.flush();
}
//读取并解密
public String readDecrypt(DataInputStream input)throws IOException{
String rtn="";
while(true){
int char_src =input.readChar();
if(char_src!=2333){
rtn=rtn+(char)(char_src-13);
}else{
break;
}
}
return rtn;
}
}
class Out extends Thread {
public DataOutputStream output;
public DataInputStream input;
public static String name;
public Socket socket;
public Scanner sc =new Scanner (System.in);
Out(DataOutputStream ot,String n,DataInputStream it,Socket socket){
output=ot;
input=it;
name=n;
}
public void run(){
People po = new People();
try{
while(true){
String send=sc.nextLine();//获取用户输入
String send2=name+"&"+send;//把聊天内容打包成约定形式
po.encryptWrite(send2,output);
}
}catch(Exception ex){
ex.printStackTrace();
}finally{
System.out.println("sfef");
}
}
}
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