Super summary of Python date and time usage

Time is undoubtedly one of the most critical factors in all aspects of life, therefore, recording and tracking time becomes very important. In Python, you can track dates and times through its built-in libraries. Today we will introduce about date and time in Python, and learn how to use the time and datetime modules to find and modify dates and times.

Module for processing date and time in Python

Python provides time and datetime modules, which can help us easily obtain and modify date and time. Let us take a look at them one by one.

time module

This module includes all the time related functions required to perform various operations using time, it also allows us to access the clock types required for multiple purposes.

Built-in functions:

Please take a look at the following table, which describes some important built-in functions of the time module.

##time.struct_time ClassThe function either takes this class as a parameter or returns it as outputlocaltime()Takes the number of seconds elapsed since the epoch as a parameter and returns the date and time in the form of time. struct_time format##gmtime()

##function	Description
time()	Returns the number of seconds elapsed since the epoch
ctime()	takes the elapsed seconds as parameter and returns the current date and time
sleep ()	Stops the execution of a thread for the given duration
Similar to localtime(), returns the time. The reciprocal of struct_time
mktime()	ocaltime() in UTC format. Gets a tuple containing 9 parameters and returns the number of seconds elapsed since epoch pas output
asctime()	Get a tuple containing 9 parameters and return a string representing the same parameters
strftime()	Get a tuple containing 9 parameters and return a string representing the same parameters according to the format code used
strptime()	Analyze the string and return it in time. struct_time format

Code Formatting:

Before explaining each function with examples, let’s look at all the legal ways to format code:

Code	Description	Example
%a	##Weekday (short version)	Mon
%A	Weekday (full version)	Monday
%b	Month (short version)	Aug
%B	Month (full version)	August
%c	Local date and time version	Tue Aug 23 1:31:40 2019
%d	Depicts the day of the month (01-31)	07
%f	Microseconds	000000-999999
%H	Hour (00-23)	15
%I	Hour (00-11)	3
%j	Day of the year	235
%m	Month Number (01-12)	07
%M	Minutes (00-59)	44
%p	AM / PM	AM
%S	Seconds (00-59)	23
%U	Week number of the year starting from Sunday (00-53)	12
%w	Weekday number of the week	Monday (1)
%W	Week number of the year starting from Monday (00-53)	34
%x	Local date	06/07/22
%X	Local time	12:30:45
%y	Year (short version)	22
%Y	Year (full version)	2022
%z	UTC offset	0100
%Z	Timezone	CST
%%	% Character	%

The

struct_time class has the following attributes:

##0000, .., 2019, …, 9999tm_mon1-12tm_mday1-31tm_hour0-23tm_min0-59##tm_sec##tm_wday

##Attribute	Value
tm_year
0-61
0-6 (Monday is 0)	##tm_yday	1-366
tm_isdst	0, 1, -1    (daylight savings time, -1 when unknown)

Now let’s look at a few examples of the time module.

Find dates and times using the time module

Getting dates and times in Python is easy using the built-in functions and formatting code described in the table above.

import time
#time
a=time.time() #total seconds since epoch
print("Seconds since epoch :",a,end='n----------n')
#ctime
print("Current date and time:")
print(time.ctime(a),end='n----------n') 
#sleep
time.sleep(1) #execution will be delayed by one second
#localtime
print("Local time :")
print(time.localtime(a),end='n----------n')
#gmtime
print("Local time in UTC format :")
print(time.gmtime(a),end='n-----------n')
#mktime
b=(2019,8,6,10,40,34,1,218,0)
print("Current Time in seconds :")
print( time.mktime(b),end='n----------n')
#asctime
print("Current Time in local format :")
print( time.asctime(b),end='n----------n')
#strftime
c = time.localtime() # get struct_time
d = time.strftime("%m/%d/%Y, %H:%M:%S", c)
print("String representing date and time:")
print(d,end='n----------n')
#strptime
print("time.strptime parses string and returns it in struct_time format :n")
e = "06 AUGUST, 2019"
f = time.strptime(e, "%d %B, %Y")
print(f)

Output:

Seconds since epoch : 1565070251.7134922
———-
Current date and time:
Tue Aug 6 11:14:11 2019
———-
Local time :
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=11, tm_min=14, tm_sec=11, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=218, tm_isdst=0)
———-
Local time in UTC format :
time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=5, tm_min=44, tm_sec=11, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=218, tm_isdst=0)
———–
Current Time in seconds :
1565068234.0
———-
Current Time in local format :
Tue Aug 6 10:40:34 2019
———-
String representing date and time:
08/06/2019, 11:14:12
———-
time.strptime parses string and returns it in struct_time format :

time.struct_time(tm_year=2019, tm_mon=8, tm_mday=6, tm_hour=0, tm_min=0, tm_sec=0, tm_wday=1, tm_yday=218, tm_isdst=-1)

datetime module

Similar to the time module, the datetime module contains all the methods necessary to handle dates and times.

Built-in functions:

The following table introduces some important functions in this module:

##datetime()Constructor of datetime##datetime.today()datetime.now()date()time()##date.fromtimestamp()

##function	Description
Returns the current local date and time
Returns the current local date and time
Take the year, month, and day as parameters to create the corresponding date
Takes hours, minutes, seconds, microseconds and tzinfo as parameters and creates the corresponding date
Convert seconds to return the corresponding date and time
timedelta()	它是不同日期或时间之间的差异（持续时间）

使用 datetime 查找日期和时间

现在，让我们尝试实现这些函数，以使用datetime模块在 Python 中查找日期和时间。

import datetime
#datetime constructor
print("Datetime constructor:n")
print(datetime.datetime(2019,5,3,8,45,30,234),end='n----------n')
 
#today
print("The current date and time using today :n")
print(datetime.datetime.today(),end='n----------n')
 
#now
print("The current date and time using today :n")
print(datetime.datetime.now(),end='n----------n')
 
#date
print("Setting date :n")
print(datetime.date(2019,11,7),end='n----------n')

#time
print("Setting time :n")
print(datetime.time(6,30,23),end='n----------n')
 
#date.fromtimestamp
print("Converting seconds to date and time:n")
print(datetime.date.fromtimestamp(23456789),end='n----------n')
 
#timedelta
b1=datetime.timedelta(days=30, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=4, weeks=8)
b2=datetime.timedelta(days=3, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, minutes=0, hours=4, weeks=8)
b3=b2-b1
print(type(b3))
print("The resultant duration = ",b3,end='n----------n')
 
#attributes
a=datetime.datetime.now() #1
print(a)
print("The year is :",a.year)
 
print("Hours :",a.hour)

Output:

Datetime constructor:

2019-05-03 08:45:30.000234
———-
The current date and time using today :

2019-08-06 13:09:56.651691
———-
The current date and time using today :

2019-08-06 13:09:56.651691
———-
Setting date :

2019-11-07
———-
Setting time :

06:30:23
———-
Converting seconds to date and time:
1970-09-29
———-
<class ‘datetime.timedelta’>
The resultant duration = -27 days, 0:00:00
———-
2019-08-06 13:09:56.653694
The year is : 2019
Hours : 13

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